Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Photosynthesis, Microbiology, Respiration, Populations and Ecosystems,…

- - - - reduced NADP and ATP used to convert GP to triose phosphate
        
        5/6 TP is regenerated into ribulose monophosphate then ribulose biphosphate using ATP so the cycle can continue
- - - - dehydrogenated to form pyruvate which forms an ATP/pyruvate formed
- - - - Protons pumped into intermembrane space creating an electrochemical potential gradient
        
        h+ move through stalked particle as membrane is impermeable
        
        Energy used to synthesis ATP from ADP and Pi using APsynthetase
        
        Chemiosmosis
- - - - another 4C intermediate producing a FADH and NADH + using 1 H2O
- - - - 2 from glycolysis
      - 2 from Link
      - 6 from Krebs
      - FAD = 2 from Krebs
- - - - slow growth
      - Preparing for reproduction
      - Lots of metabolic activity in preparation especially enzyme synthesis
    - - Fast pop. growth
      - lack of environmental resistance so no limiting factors
      - birth rate > death rate
    - - Carrying capacity reached
      - birth rate = death rate
      - environmental resistance increases due to density dependant factors
    - - Death rate > birth rate
      - Lots of environmental resistance
      - Pop. decline due to environmental resistance factors becoming more significant
- - - - Light not the right wavelength (50%)
      - Light passes through plant and doesn't hit chloroplast (5%)
      - Impermeability of thylakoid membrane not perfect
      - reflected off of the leaf (5%)
  - - - Biomass not eaten
      - Not digested and lost as excrement or in egestion
      - respiration
      - Lost as heat
  - - - Number of organisms at each trophic level
      - Doesn't represent biomass
      - May not show perfect pyramid shape
      - Doesn't differentiate between juveniles and adults
      - May be hard to draw to scale
    - - Energy transferred between each trophic level
      - energy lost in transfer so bars always decrease
      - Good to compare efficiency of transfer between different levels
    - - Biomass at each trophic level
      - Can be misleading as species with similar biomass have different life spans or not all biomass will be available to the next level
      - can be inverted
      - Hard to accurately measure as all of organism has to be found
      - does not indicate productivity or amount of energy in the ecosystems
- - - - Combustion of carbon store in wood
      - Less photosynthesis
      - Trees replaced by plants less efficient at photosynthesising
      - Agriculture and urban expansion
- - - - Nitrites converted to nitrates by nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas
        
        Taken up into root hair cells via active transport
        
        Turned to Ngas by denitrifying bacteria pseudomonas
  - - - Extra nitrate cause algal blooms
        
        Block the sun so aquatic plants can't photosynthesise
        
        Plants and algea die and are digested by saphrotrophic bacteria
        
        Bacteria are arerobic and use up oxygen in the water causing other marine life to die
- - - - No immigration or emigration
      - Few births or deaths
      - Marking methods did not make
        individuals more likely to be predated
      - Proportion of marked individuals to non-marked in the second sample is the same as in the general population
      - Marked individuals evenly distributed once marked
  - - - Uniform habitats
      - Set out over consistent area
      - Random coordinates
    - - Line or belt
      - Draw a kite diagram to compare distribution of different species
      - Non-uniform habitats
- - - - Loss of food
      - Deforestation, drainage of wetlands, hedgerow loss, plants sown at different times so incorrect height for nesting birds
      - Less ecological niches
    - - Trophy hunting
      - Illegal trades
      - Traditional medicine
      - Bush meat
      - overfishing
      - Agricultural exploitation
    - - invasive species outcompete native species
      - Bring new diseases, competition or predation
    - - Industry
      - oil spills
        
        Deoxygenates surface water
        
        Coats bird feathers preventing insulation so they freeze to death
        
        Wash up on shore and poisons terrestrial animals
      - PCBs used in consumer products before being identified as a carcinogen, neurotoxin and hormone disruptor
    - - Smaller gene pools so less genetic variety
- - - - Stored with liquid nitrogen then periodically germinated and grown to avoid seed decay
- - - - Areas of rainforest not surveyed may contain new plants that could be used as drugs to treat diseases
      - Loss of biodiversity may mean loosing potentially beneficial species