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Thermal Physics - Coggle Diagram
Thermal Physics
Transfer of thermal energy
Conduction
Metals are good conductors and non-metals or insulators or bad conductors.
Conduction best applies in solids because the particles are closely and tightly packed. So conduction can happen through the vibration of particles in solid.
There are many solids that conduct thermal energy, but better than thermal insulator, but do so less well than good thermal conductors
Convection
Conduction is an important method of terminal energy transfer in liquids and gases.
When will heat the particles the bottom particles will get heated up first, and they have less density than the cooler particles, and they float up, and the cooler particles will Will have more density than the hot particles, so it sink down and even the cold particles also will get heated up and this process happens until the full atmosphere or full volume of the substance is heated and this process is known as convection current
Radiation
The thermal radiation is infrared radiation and that all objects emit this radiation?
The thermal energy transfer by thermal radiation does not require a medium. It can also travel through space or in a vacuum..
For an object to be at a constant temperature, it needs to transfer energy away from the object object at the same rate that it receives energy.
The dark surfaces are good absorbs of radiation while the white surfaces are good emitter of radiation
Consequences of thermal energy transfer
Some of the basic everyday applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation includes heating objects such as heating room by convection.
Some of the complex applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation. There are more than one type of thermal energy transfer is significant, including a fire, burning, wood, or coal or radiator in a car.
Kinetic particle model of matter
States of matter
Solid liquids and gases can be differentiated by their shape, mass volume scarcity, diffusibility, compressibility, intermolecular forces, and intermolecular spaces.
There are conversion of states of matter for melting, freezing, evaporation, or boiling, condensation, deposition, and sublimation.
Particle model
The solids have more intermolecular forces and less intermolecular spaces and liquids have more intermolecular spaces and less intermolecular forces and gases have less intermolecular forces and the most intermolecular space.
The lowest possible temperature -273°C. this is known as the absolute zero.
Is the random and rapid movement of particles in all direction when it is suspended in fluids and collides with the fluid particles.
Gases and the absolute scale of temperature
When volume is kept constant, when temperature increases, the pressure also increases.
when temperature is kept constant, when the volume decreases, pressure increases.
We can convert temperatures between Kelvin and degrees Celsius using the equation T ((K)) equal to symbol 0 (° Celsius) + 273
Thermal properties and temperature
Thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases
When temperature rises, solid, liquids and gases expand, this is thermal expansion
Reverse are heated to join two metal plates. Steel tire is in trains are heated and expands to fit into trains. Bimetallic strips are used in fire alarms and thermostats
Gas expands more than solid and liquid liquid expands more than solid.
Specific heat capacity
The rise and temperature of non-object increases its internal energy or thermal energy.
The increase in temperature of an object in terms of an increase in the average kinetic energy energy of all particles in the object.
Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one KG of a substance by 1°C.
c= ∆E/ m∆θ
Melting, boiling, and evaporation
Melting Is the process in which a solid changes to liquid and boiling is the process in which a liquid changes to gas.
Evaporation causes cooling of a liquid.
Condensation is a process in which gas changes to liquid and solidification is a process in which liquid changes to solid, also known as freezing.
When particles gain energy, the high energetic particles in the surface escape from the liquid from the surface and the low energetic particles remain in the liquid which leads to the cooling of the liquid. The higher energetic particles gain a lot of energy and escapes as a gas.