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Pollution reduction policies - Coggle Diagram
Pollution reduction policies
Clean Air Acts
legislation introduced after the catastrophic London smog of 1952
1956 Act introduced smoke-free zoness in urban areas, which slowly cleanded the air
1990s: tough regulations imposed on levels of airborne pollution (PM10s)
local councils required to monitor pollution & establish Air Quality Management zones where levels are likely to be exceeded
London 2015 - NOx emissions still higher than UK and European law recommended
construction sites responsible for 12% of NOx emissions so measures introduced to clean them up - dust suppressants used
Vehicle Control & public transport
Park and ride
use of waterways for transport (park and glide?)
provision for cyclists e.g. 'Snake' bridge in Copenhagen
road schemes like urban bypass
creating bus/ car-pooling lanes
2003 Congestion Charge in central London
Mass transit systems e.g. Metrolink in Manchester
banning cars from driving on certain days & alternating between cars that end in even/uneven numbers (in Mexico City)
ULEZ introduced in London from Sep 2020: exhaust emissions standards set, daily non-compliance charge to encourage cleaner vehicles to drive in central London, hopes that most vehicles in central London during working hours could be zero/ low emissions
Zoning of Industry
industry located downwind in cities if possible
planning legislation forces companies to build higher factory chimneys to emit pollutants above the inversion layer