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Grave Stelai - Coggle Diagram
Grave Stelai
Archaic
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Capitals
610-530, we have sphinx on top of capital
originally the capital was in cavetto form, which then evolved into a double tiered volute design mid of 6th century
from 530/25, the stelai become simpler, with a palmette crowning a pair of volutes
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it is usually a standing, naked youth, perhaps holding an attribute that denotes him as an athlete, such as a raised discus, javelin, or oil flask
there is a variety of ages presented on archaic stelai, which is why some families might choose this grave marker over a kouros, as the latter was better for presenting those who died young
Examples:
Boxer fragment
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shows him with a broken nose, 'cauliflower ear', and strapping his wrist as a boxer would
dated to c. 540BC, found in Kerameikos
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Aristion Stele
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c. 510BC, stele of Aristion
shows him in full equipment of an Athenian hoplite, unique characterisation
also shows him bearded, explains why a kouros was not used as these were for young subjects
between 600-500ish, we only have about 100 fragments of grave stelai, these were only for the elite
Classical Period
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generally, stelai tend to become bigger, relief higher, and an increased propensity for depicting multiple figures
there is an emphasis on civic roles and family roles, a desire to show you are a stable and tight family unit
3000 examples between 430-317ish, more accessible now
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Post Aliquanto Laws
'post aliquanto' means 'sometime after' - sometime after Solon these laws were introduced, and he lived c. 600BC
we cannot say when these laws were actually put in place, but Cicero gives them this name and details them
the material record suggests they were imposed sometime in first quarter of 5th century, and continued til the 430s ish
why did they end?
plague + PP war = lots of death and social disorder, more of a need to commemorate the dead and ignore imposed laws
Parthenon pediments were finished in 432BC, so skilled sculptors needed work after
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also a theory that grave stones were made in perishable materials during this 50 year period, and thats why they dont show on material record, but no way of knowing
third set of sumptuary laws in 317, under control of Macedonian king
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