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German History : 2 Opposition, Control and Consent - Post War Germany/ FRG…
German History : 2 Opposition, Control and Consent - Post War Germany/ FRG (Opposition)
Political dissent in 1950s
Criticism for failure to confront Germany's Nazi past - eg Gunter Grass 'The Tin Drum'
Opposition to rearmament and memberhship of NATO
Campaign known as 'without me'
Opposition to conscription and many 19 year old did not comply and register
1957 peace movement over nuclear weapons involved over 1.5 mil people
Critique of capitalism - reason Hitler managed to get power
Political dissent in the 1960s
Student protests (see Theme 1 sheet)
1968 protests erupted across German towns, cities and on University campuses
Led to arrests to try supress
Criticism of failure to address Germany's Nazi past
Faced by children to their parents
seen as risk for resurgence of fascism
Trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1962 brought attention to Nazi past
Auschwitz trial between 1963-65 focused on crimes committed at Auschwitz
Appointment of Kiesinger as Chancellor in 1966 triggered protests and demonstrations as he was an ex Nazi member
Criticism of US foreign policy
Involvement in Vietnam War
Saw intervention as imperialistic and oppressive
Demonstrations and protests by students common
Critique of capitalism and imperialism
anti- colonial movements in Africa and Asia
Influenced by Herbert Marcuse who argued against consumer culture (capitalism)
Extra-Parliamentary Opposition (APO) and Opposition to Emergency Laws
1966 created with left social democrats, criticl free democrats, peace activists and students
Emerged in response to the grand coalition as there was no effective opposition left apart from FDP which didn't count as effective
70,000 protested against the emergency laws as they saw relation to article 48 but it passed anyway in May 1968
Led to more support for far right group NPD
Got 4.3% of vote in 1969 but not enough for 5% rule
Partly due to economic recession
Partly due to opposition to migrant workers from southern europe and the middle east
Terrorism : The Red Army Faction
Led by figures like Ulrike Meinhof, Adreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin
1977 'German Autumn'
More details on Theme 1 sheet
The Environmental Impact
Spurred by 1970s energy crisis
Govs plan to build 42 nuclear power plants by 1985 triggered concerns about nuclear risks etc
Anti nuclear protests in Wyhl and Brokdorf resulted clashes with police
The Green Party - more details on Theme 1 sheet
The Peace Movement
persisted from 1950s-80s
opposed rearmament and the atomic bomb in the 1950s
shifted to anti Vietnam war in 1960s-70s
Returned to anti nuclear weapons in 1970s-80s due to cold war due to fears
1983 massive protests due to missiles deployed in west germany