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CHILD - Developmental Considerations & Adaptations - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Setting, carer psychology, community customs etc. impacts development
      - e.g. Motor development: Ghana practices encourage acceleration of acquisition of motor milestones vs. Norway care norms of following spontaneous development
      - General Consensus: Environment (caring practices, deprivation) likely to account for systematic differences between groups, not genes
      - UK study of 9mo: Slowest rates of delay in British, Black Caribbean, Mixed heritage. Highest rates of delay Pakistani & Bangladeshi
    - - Epigenetics: Gene expression is affected by environment; e.g. tanning in the sun, or stress response
      - Genetic diseases: e.g. Down's, Fragile X, Turner, Trader Willey
    - - Brain starts as highly interconnected regions, promoting brain plasticity & adaptation
      - Critical periods: Processes of synaptogenesis & pruning very active in early years & prefrontal cortex in early adolescence. Adverse events during these periods can lead to vulnerability (e.g. brain injuries, neglect) increasing risk of developmental delays
      - Brain functions develop through bidirectional & dynamic interactions between genes, structural brain changes, & psychological functions
    - - General Intellectual functions: Verban & nonverbal, visuospatial perception, sensorimotor abilities, executive function, memory, central coherence, theory of mind
      - Executive functions: working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, until 14yo
      - Broader impairments in LD, more specific in ADHD (executive functions) /Autism (flexibility, task shifting, central coherence)