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Socialism, Key - Coggle Diagram
Socialism
Evolutionary
Social democracy (revisionist)
Rejects revolution - equality can be achieved without the destruction of capitalism
Crosland argued that there is no more control and ownership of production, reducing relevance of Marxist analysis
Advocates a mixed economy of public and private ownership
Keynesian economics (state-managed) allows for public spending, not ownership -> redistribution of wealth
The Third Way (revisionist)
Neo-revisionism
Similar to social democracy, but responding to globalisation, the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the impact of New Right governments (triangulating social democracy and New Right)
Extending capitalism with a 'remixed economy' - acceptance of free markets in the economy
Endorsing communitarianism - validating ethnic minority communities
Redistribution of political power instead of a centralised state
Led to devolution for Scotland Wales under New Labour
Democratic socialism (orthodox)
Renewed critique of capitalism
Recognition that capitalism had improved economic condition of UK working class
Recommended a post-capitalist economy to plan and manage economic development
Critique of Marx
Beatrice Webb argued that revolutions are 'chaotic', unmanageable', and therefore 'counterproductive'
Democratic socialists can use the same methods as the capitalist state to bring about radical, socialist change
Inevitability of gradualism
Using the existing state to promote steady change to public ownership and socialism
Voters will gradually understand the benefits of socialism and inevitably elect socialist governments
Revolutionary
Marxism (orthodox)
Marx-Engels critique of capitalism
Creates class conflict between bourgeoise and proletariat
The bourgeoise own and control the
mode of production
and can therefore exploit and oppress the proletariat as they have surplus wealth and power
Human nature has been contaminated by capitalism by instilling false consciousness of bourgeois values through the alienation of workers and products
Inevitability of revolution
Worsening situation of the proletariat will lead to class consciousness and ultimately revolution
The state simply serves the interests of the dominant economic class and therefore
cannot reform or improve capitalism
Revolution is 'historically inevitable'
Friedrich Hegel: history is 'episodic', each stage involves a dialectic clash of philosophical ideas
Marx & Engels: this clash is between economic ideas and interests (historical materialism)
From socialism to communism
The dictatorship of the proletariat will emerge
This will oversee the move to collective ownership
The socialist state will then wither away and the society will become communist
Marxism-Leninism (orthodox)
Lenin and Luxemburg argued that rather than waiting for class consciousness, pre-industrialists should revolt to prevent the development of capitalism
Vanguardism
A revolutionary elite would plan a revolution, re-educate the masses, and form a dictatorship of the proletariat
Rosa Luxemburg's version
Saw state election campaigns as an opportunity to nurture class consciousness
Rejected vanguardism, advocated spontaneous revolution
More in line with socialist values of fraternity and equality that still flourish in proletariat communities
Key
State
Economy
Human nature
Society