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ADHD & Emotional or Behavioural Disorders (EBD) - Coggle Diagram
ADHD & Emotional or Behavioural Disorders (EBD)
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
DSM-5 Definition
Inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity-impulsivity
Impairing academic progression
Neurodevelopmental disorder
Symptoms
Hyperactivity
Runs or climbs inappropriately
Trouble playing quietly
Leaves seat
"On the go"
Fidgets
Talks excessively
Impulsivity
Trouble waiting turn
Interrupts others
Blurts out answers
Inattention
Doesn't listen
Doesn't follow instructions
Difficulty sustaining attention
Disorganized
Careless mistakes
Avoids sustained mental effort
Easily distracted
Loses things
Forgetful
Additional Information
Affects social, academic, occupational functioning
Not due to other mental disorders
Present in multiple settings
Present before age 12
Causes
Genetic
Highly heritable
Runs in families
Environmental
High lead exposure
Brain injury
Premature birth
Maternal cigarette/alcohol use
Neurological
Linked to executive functioning issues
Smaller brain areas
Slower brain development
Coexisting Conditions
Emotional/Behavioral Disorders
Substance abuse
Learning disabilities
Supports
Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)
Determine antecedents, behaviors, consequences (ABC)
Classroom Structure
Offer choices
Provide encouragement
Use movement and multisensory activities
Clear directions
Arrange physical space
Teach prosocial skills
Medications
Psychostimulants (Ritalin, Adderall, Vyvanse)
Parent Strategies
Plan ahead for public outings
"When... then" contingencies
Praise appropriate behaviors
House rules and structure
EBD (Emotional or Behavioral Disorders)
IDEA Definition
Long-term condition affecting educational performance
Inappropriate behavior/feelings
Interpersonal relationship issues
Pervasive unhappiness or depression
Inability to learn not explained by other factors
Physical symptoms related to personal/school problems
Behavioral Dimensions
Externalizing
Disruptive behavior
Aggressive behavior
Annoying others
Internalizing
Emotional conflicts
Depression
Anxiety
Causes
Prenatal alcohol exposure
Negative classroom interactions
Disease, malnutrition, brain trauma
Family violence, child abuse
Difficult temperament
Educational Considerations
Proximity and Movement Management
Frequent interaction
Classroom movement
Desk placement
Classroom Arrangement
"Action zone" seating for disruptive students
Visual and physical access to students
Transition Management
Manage transitions to reduce disruptive behavior
Social Skills Training
Generalization and maintenance across settings
Direct instruction in social behaviors
Classroom Strategies for Teachers
Brain breaks (cards, exercise)
Break down tasks
Manage the environment
Predictable routine
Rewards system