Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Global Developmental Delay (GDD) -…
Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Global Developmental Delay (GDD)
Definitions
Intellectual Disability (DSM-5)
Deficits in general mental abilities (reasoning, problem-solving, etc.)
Impairments in adaptive functioning (communication, social participation, etc.)
American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD)
Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
Onset before age 18
Changes in Perspectives
Organizations: American Association of Mental Retardation (AAMR) → American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Terminologies: Idiot → Imbecile → Moron → Mental Retardation → Intellectual Disability → Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Classification of Intellectual Disabilities (APA)
Mild (IQ 50-70): 85% of ID population
Profound (IQ <20): 1-2% of ID population
Severe (IQ 20-35): 2-4% of ID population
Prevalence of severe ID: 6 per 1,000 (DSM-5)
Moderate (IQ 35-50): 10% of ID population
Adaptive Behavior Domains
Social Skills
Moderate: Communication difficulties
Severe: Limited communication
Mild: Social immaturity
Profound: Basic communication skills
Practical Skills
Moderate: Not fully independent
Severe: Need regular support
Mild: Independent with support
Profound: Constant help required
Conceptual Skills
Moderate: Slow language learning
Severe: Limited understanding
Mild: Some learning difficulties
Profound: Unable to follow instructions
Levels of Intellectual Disability
Moderate
Conceptual: Significant lag in skills
Social: Less complex language
Practical: Extended teaching needed
Profound
Social: Limited symbolic communication
Practical: Dependent on others
Conceptual: Physical world focus
Mild
Conceptual: Difficulty with academic skills
Social: Immature interactions
Practical: Support in complex tasks
Severe
Social: Limited vocabulary
Practical: Requires supervision
Conceptual: Limited skill attainment
Assessments & Identification
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
WISC-IV (6-16yrs), WPPSI (2.5-3yrs)
Development
Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID); 0-3yrs
Causes of ID
Perinatal
Anoxia, infections
Postnatal
Infections, malnutrition, toxins, poor environment
Prenatal
Environmental factors (Drugs, alcohol, radiation, virus)
Other causes (Prader-Willi, Williams Syndrome, metabolism errors, brain formation disorders)
Chromosomal Disorders (Down’s Syndrome, Fragile X)
Global Developmental Delay (GDD)
Diagnosed under age 5
Significant limitations in two or more developmental areas
Fail to meet developmental milestones
Reassessment needed over time
Psychological & Behavioral Characteristics
Delayed language development
Weaker working memory and executive function
Low motivation, learned helplessness
Overlap with autism (30-40% have autistic traits)
Social development difficulties
Supporting Learners with ID
Accommodations
Extra time, alternative tasks, assistive technology
Home Support
Positive relationships, structured opportunities
Technology use, practical skills encouragement
Knowledgeable about exceptionality
Strategies
Role-playing, explicit instruction, cooperative learning
Classroom Environment
Small class size, systematic instruction, constructive feedback
Frequency
Intermittent, Limited, Extensive, Pervasive