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Common Respiratory Illness - Coggle Diagram
Common Respiratory Illness
Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Presentation
Prolonged cough, wheeze, cough/wheezed on exertion and exposure to cold air, relief of beta agonist, Personal and family Hx of atopy
Red Flags
Grwoth failure, signs of malabsoprtion, recurrent sino-pulmonary infections, dificultiy choking/swallowing, Positional symtpoms, congenital anomalies
Bronchiolitis
Virus: RSV, rhinovirus, influenzae, parainfuenzae
Pathophysiology: Airway inflammation, edema, sloughing of necrotic epithelial cells
Symptoms: URTI, Mild fever, increased work of breathing, wheeze, crackles
Management: Supportive with oxygenation, hydration, nutrition, Hypertonic saline, nebulized epipherine
Croup
Treatment: Nebulized epi, systemic epinephrine
Symptoms: Barky cough, sudden onset worse during night-time
Pneumonia
Common pathogens
Step Pneumo, GAS, H. Flu, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Staph Aureus
Antibiotic Treatment
Amoxicillin, 2nd generation cephalosporine (cefprozil, cefuroxine), Macrolide
Indications
Severity of Illness (age, immunocompromised, hypoxemia, toxic appearance, rapidly progressing illness, unable to maintain hydration)
Ill parent, proximity to hospital/barriers to care, parental ability to care for ill child at home
Inpatient Treatment
Supportive: Oxygenation, hydration, nutrition
Specific: IV cefuroxime <5 y.o, IV/Po azithrymycin
Assessment
Vital Signs, General Assessment, Lung Exam, Cardiac Exam
Laboured Breathing
Parents/Patients: Breathing fast, breathing hard
Medical Observation: Tachypnea, retractions, accessory muslce use, head bob, grunting
Respiratory Failure
Waxen, Cyanotic appearance, gasping, anxious, fatigue, makred retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, head bob
Wheeze
Expiratory sound, Evidence of turbulent flow resulting from obstruction
DDx
Infalmmatory/edema of airway wall, endobronchial, Structural, Extrinsic compression, Upper airway