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Water resource management dia-da-agua-513x330 - Coggle Diagram
Water resource management
Introduction
Problems of water resources management
Lack of water
factors such as
climate change
Water contamination
Discharging industrial waste
agricultural chemicals
irresponsible mining
Inefficient management
Lack of adequate policies and regulations
The lack of investment in infrastructure for the supply of drinking water
New paradigms in water management.
Integrated water resources management
promotes
collaboration
coordination
Watershed approach
promotes
Planning
Comprehensive management of water resources
Demand-based management
This implies
The implementation of technologies
Education about the importance of its conservation
Water resources and systems analysis
Water resources
The water sources
Rivers
Lakes
Aquifers
Analysis of water systems
may include
Hydrological modeling
Demand analysis
Evaluation of policies and management measures
Social perception of water
Water assessment
Factors
Cultural
Economical
Geographic
Cultural and symbolic aspects
can have
religious connotations
spiritual or purification
Water Scarcity Awareness
by
droughts
Public participation processes
Public consultations
River basin committees and dialogue tables
Consultation and participation processes in planning
Education and awareness programs
Public-private alliances and collaborations
Water Resources
there are two types
conventional resources
Groundwater
Rain water
Surface water
conventional resources
Treated wastewater
Desalination
Rainwater collected in urban areas
Artificial recharge of aquifers
Knowledge of resources
Monitoring and measurement
This implies
the installation of measuring stations in
rivers
lakes
the use of technologies
To measure variables
The flow
water quality
precipitation and evaporation
Hydrological modeling
uses
mathematical models
Assessment of water availability
This implies
analyze flow data
storage in reservoirs
aquifer recharges
Evaluation methods
Field monitoring
it implies
direct data collection
in the sources of water
rivers
lakes
aquifers and reservoirs
Hydrological models
they use
algorithms
mathematical equations
Water demand analysis
is done through
Collecting data on the population
economic activities
water consumption by sector
Restoration of capacity data to the natural regime
Some of the common approaches include
Time series analysis
Hydrological models
Comparative studies
Evaluation of underground resources and sustainable exploitation
Evaluation of underground resources
Some of the techniques
Monitoring water levels
Pumping tests
Geochemical analysis
Recharge estimate
Sustainable exploitation of groundwater
Some strategies for sustainable exploitation are
Establishment of withdrawal limits
Integrated planning and management
Efficient use of water
Artificial recharge of aquifers
Continuous monitoring and evaluation
Techniques for water resource management
Introduction to systems analysis
Holistic approach
Identification of problems and objectives
For example
Identify water shortage problems
Degradation of water quality or conflicts between different users
Quality and equity in access to water
Modeling and simulation
Evaluation of options and decision making
Efficiency
Sustainability, equity
Technical and financial feasibility
Decision support systems
Key aspects
Data collection and management
about water sources
demands
water quality
infrastructure
Models and simulations
Simulate water flows
Behavior of aquifers
Multicriteria analysis
Techniques
Efficiency
Sustainability
Fairness and technical feasibility
Applications
Integrated water planning and management
Environmental impact assessment
Management of droughts and extreme events
Optimization of water supply
Droughts
Types of droughts.
meteorological drought
Agricultural drought
Hydrological drought
Socioeconomic drought
Ecological drought
Characterization and analysis of droughts
Drought indices
are based on climatic variables
Humidity of floor
precipitation
temperature
Time series analysis
Drought statistics
measures
duration
The intensity
Vulnerability analysis
Factors
such as water availability
storage and distribution infrastructure
Hydrological models
climate data
characteristics of the water system
Statistical properties of droughts
Duration
It is measured
Days
consecutive months or years
Severity
The precipitation deficit
The negative water balance
Magnitude
The Drought Severity Index (ISI)
the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
Quantitative analysis of droughts
Drought indices
include
the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
the Drought Severity Index (SSI)
the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
the Water Scarcity Index (WSI)
Frequency analysis
estimate
calculate frequencies of occurrence
threshold values
Duration curves
They are useful
Planning
The management of water resources.
Indicators
Drought indices
The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
The Drought Severity Index (SSI)
Water scarcity indices
Measurements of
The stomatal conductance of plants
earth surface temperature
Vegetation indices
Assess health
The vigor of the vegetation
