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Nazi Germany 1933-1945, Effects of The Night of The Long Knives,…
Nazi Germany 1933-1945
January 1933
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If Hitler was to get absolute power , he needed a number of things
- Be able to bypass presidential authority
- Have unprecedented access to full legislative powers
- Strip away constitutional guarantees so he could remove opposition
- Deal with conflicting interests with the Nazi party that threatened to destabilise his authority
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Reichstag Fire
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On the 27th February 1933 , 5 the Reichstag went up in flames , it was a symbol of democracy in Germany so the Nazis used this to blame the KPD
This fanned anti communist agenda and allowed Hitler to pass the Reichstag Fire decree suspending most civil and political services
Provided state with much powers of arrest , imprisonment and censorship which was only intended to be temporary
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The election gained the Nazis more votes , going from 33.1% in November 1932 to 43.9% in 1933 and
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Nazi rule also abolished the Reichsrat making Germany national state rather than a federal state meaning the Nazis now had power over the whole country and not letting devolution happen
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Propaganda
Joseph Goebbels
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Divided nation into actives and passives , members and sympathisers . Aim was to enlarge group of sympathisers and retain members because propaganda consolidating views of prejudices
Nazis were keen to use any institution and all techniques of persuasion to conquer the German masses , including schools and universities
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Techniques of propaganda work well by combining up to date technology with psychological pressure on vulnerable people
In 1930s Germany there was already a large population of Germans suffering from deep sense of national humiliation damaged by inflation , economic depression and unemployment
Propaganda always needs changing to fit the current agenda , so Nazi language was short , sharp and intense intended to appeal to pack instincts and strip any necessity of debate or explanation
If a dictatorship was to strive they needed to create uniformity of thought and discourage any form of individualism or diversity of viewpoint
To ensure this Hitler's prime targets would be channels of mass media and all institutions that project attitudes , values and beliefs
Central goal of nazi propaganda was to radically reconstruct society which heightened snese of unity and pure racial community
Foreign Policy
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Historical Tradition
Argued it was perpetuated by ideas and behaviours evident from Bismarck and rooted in traditional German tradition under Bismarck , expansionist
Also argument that he carried on policies of Stresemann of trying to get rid of the TOV and reparation payments
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Economic Priorities
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Also argued that foreign policy was driven by social imperialism , channelling internal criticisms of domestic policies to foreign policy
To what extent was nazi domestic policy designed to help hitler achieve his foreign policy objectives
Nazi domestic policy mutated from nationalism , and their racial policy of social Darwinism and their expansionist policy was a desire to spread this on a global level
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Nazi economic policies
It is believed that nazi economic policies was based on pragmatic solutions to political/ ideolofical priorities of the third reich
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