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COMPONENT 3 - CRIMINAL BEHAVIOURS: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE - Coggle Diagram
COMPONENT 3 - CRIMINAL BEHAVIOURS: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
communication between offender and victim
offender may give payment as reparation
offenders may write a letter to victim/ may have interaction with the victim
offered as alternative to prison if victim agrees
AIMS
to rehabilitate offenders as atonement for wrongdoing
rehabilitation of offenders: victim explains impact of crime, offender is encouraged to take responsibility
atonement for wrongdoing: offers compensation for the crime, is psychological by showing feelings of guilt. victim shares their distress that helps the offender to create empathy
empowers victim - gives them a voice
holds offender accountable + makes them take responsibility to make amends
govt. research: rj provides 85% victim satisfaction rate + 14% reduction in frequent reoffending
occurs in controlled environment, looks to repair harm between offender/ victim
led by facilitator - supports/ prepares people to take part, making sure process is safe
communication - offender must have admitted to the crime, both parties must be willing to participate
for any crime at any stage of the cjs (incl. prison sentence)
rjc: advocates for use of safe, high quality rj wherever + whenever needed
PRINCIPLES
all must be volunteers (ensuring voluntarism) - fulfils aspect of free will/ informed consent; everyone must understand why they participate + their responsibilities in the process
neutrality + respect - bias could be inevitable (harmful circumstances), but neutrality is important - process should not be disadvantageous/ discriminatory
respect - likeliness of positive outcomes significantly reduced if otherwise. process is highly emotional - should be done in a way that's beneficial to both parties
VICTIM'S PERSPECTIVE
helps reduce victimisation
victim gains understanding of offender
THEORIES/ STUDIES
wachtel and mccold
: theoretical framework - focus should be on relationship, not punishment; allows harm to be healed
models of rj should focus on wider community
carrabine et al
: concerned about failure of custodial sentencing, looked to seek alternative - rj and its aims of rehabilitation/ atonement seemed like excellent option