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4.1. Style, context, and register - Coggle Diagram
4.1. Style, context, and register
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4.1.3. Context, style, and social class
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4.1.3.5. Hypercorrection
the lower middle class (LMC), to pronounce [r] even more often than the upper middle class (UMC) in the two most formal styles.
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Linguistic insecurity - Anxiety or lack of confidence about “correct” or standard linguistic usage, especially in formal situations. People sometimes hypercorrect or over-extend a particular usage when they are unsure of themselves.
4.1.3.6. Stereotypes, markers and indicators
Stereotypes a linguistic feature which is generally negatively evaluated or stigmatized. People are aware of stereotypes and generally avoid them.
----- Example: ain’t is a classic stereotype feature of lower class or uneducated speech in much of the USA.
Indicator - a feature which does not have any overt social evaluation attached to it and which generally does not attract explicit attention within a speech community.
Markers a linguistic feature which can indicate people’s social class, style and identity
---- When New Yorkers pronounce post-vocalic [r] in more formal contexts, they will usually be evaluated as educated and as speaking appropriately. This feature is a marker since it stratifies for both style and social group.
Indicators may turn into markers, which may become stereotypes - one- way process.
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