Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
How do organisms evolve? - Coggle Diagram
How do organisms evolve?
-
-
Anatomy and morphology
-
-
Homologous structures: similar in structure, but perform different functions (usually stemming from the same ancestors and showing evidence of divergent evolution)
Analogous structures: Similar in function, but have different structures (usually stemming from different ancestors that lived in similar environments and show evidence of convergent evolution)
Vestigial structures: structure is present in a species but serves no purpose (ostriches have wings but because their bodies are so big, their wings are useless. This type of structure in an ostrich suggests that the animal ancestors had useful wings)
Fossil record
Provides insight into what species looked like in the past, allowing us to compare what they look like to modern species.
Older rocks and fossils are found deeper in the earth while younger rocks and fossils are found closer to the surface.
When taken collectively, the multiple fossils can show us how species evolved over time
-
Embryology
-
Some structures may appear when the embryo is developing but disappear as the organism develops (hind legs in a whale)
-
Biogeography
-
It lets scientists look at similar organisms over a wide range of environments looking for evolutionary relationships
-
VIDA tables
Variation: Individuals in a population differ in some sort of way. Variation exists in some every species.
Inheritance: variation can stem from random mutations, recombination from sexual mutation, or a genetic trait from generations before.
-
Adaptation and Fitness
-
Adaptation can be behavioral (when an animal learns a skill) or physical (When an animal gains a trait)
-
-
Natural selection
-
Three types: Directional, Disruptive, and Stabilizing
-
-
-
-
-