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Operant conditioning - Coggle Diagram
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning
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Animal connects context, behavior, and outcome
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Stimulus is necessary, but not sufficient!
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If the outcome occurs regardless of responding, then the paradigm is classical
If it is contingent on a response, then the paradigm is operant
Types of consequences
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Positive punishment
If it leads to negative effects, do it less
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Positive reinforcement (primary reinforcers: food, water, sleep, temperature, sex)
If it leads to positive effects, do it more
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Negative punishment
If it ends/avoids a positive effect, do it less
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Components
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Outcome: Consequences may be appetite, aversive, neutral
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Understanding
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Behavior is triggered by environmental stimuli or physiological states. Yet: not determined solely by simple associations of stimuli and reactions,
But by "cognitive processes", the core of which is a "means-end readiness". Why? Individuals can use their behavior for their adaptive purposes, taking into account the circumstances of his environment
= Learning in which the probability of a response is changed by a change in its concequences (instrumental conditioning)
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Operants are not mechanically “triggered”, but are “emitted” by the organism → spontaneously produced
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