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Module 2: Lesson 2: Structure and Support - Coggle Diagram
Module 2: Lesson 2: Structure and Support
Skeletal System
Parts
Axial
Vertebrae
Ribs
Skull
Appendicular
Legs
Pelvis
Arms
Shoulders
Functions
Production of Blood Cells
Marrow is a soft tissue at the center of bones which makes red & white blood cells
Support
Provide support for the body
Movement
Provide a place for muscled to attach & pull on the bone, causing movement
Protection
Provide protection for organs
Storage
The hard outer layer of bone, called compact bone store minerals such as calcium
The organ system that supports & protects the body & allows it to move
Types
Bones
Bones are alive. They have a blood supply and nerves
Cartilage
A strong, flexible and smooth connective tissue found at the end of bones that allows them to move smoothly
Ligaments
The tissues that connect bones
Types of joints
Ball & socket
Allows bones to move and rotate in nearly all directions
In hips and shoulders
Hinge
Allows bones to move back and forth in a single direction
In fingers, elbows, knees
Pivot
Allows bones to turn
In neck, lower arm, below the elbow*
Gliding joints
Allows flexibility in the wrists and ankles
In wrists and ankles
Injuries & Disorders
Sprains
Injuries to a ligament caused by stretching a joint too far
The tissues of the sprained ligaments tears & makes the joint swollen
Osteoporosis
A disease that causes bone to become thin & weak
Fractures
Bones that are broken due to large force
Get repaired themselves witgin six to eight weeks
Arthritis
A disease that causes joints to stiffen, swell, and become painful.
Sometimes the joint becomes misshapen meaning they lose the natural shape of the bone and find it difficult to move
Muscular system
Voluntary
Muscles you are able to control
Skeletal
Attached to bones by tough strands of tissue called tendons
Most skeletal muscles work in pairs around a joint
Involuntary
The muscles you are not able to control
Smooth
Found in internal organs and blood vessels.
Helps to move materials
Cardiac
the tissue that makes up the heart
The heart pumps the blood to the whole body, so the muscles never get tired
The cardiac muscle cells contain mitochondria that provides the energy to the muscle
In Plants
Help in absorbing the water and minerals from the soil
Store food such sugar
Plants can survive in harsh condition by using the stored food in the roots.
The underground part of the plant that anchors them and stay upright
Some have small roots above the ground called
prop roots
Some have one main large root called
taproot
Some have
fibrous roots
that are made of many branching roots
Exoskeleten
A hard outer covering that provides support abd protection to the animals.
Sometimes these are called shells such as those in crabs, snails and scorpion.
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Animal that do not have skeleton move by
fluid support
They have
hydrostatic skeleton
which is a fluid filled cavilty surrounded by muscle tissues
The muscles in these skeletons move by pushing the fluid in different directions