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Ethics Topics Year 2, Moore, Killing-boo! Barnes, Carnap, Ayer, Moore,…
Ethics Topics Year 2
Ethic Language: Meta-ethics
The Good
Naturalism
- Good as natural quality
Naturalistic Fallacy
Open Question Argument
For a sadist, inflicting pain is pleasant - but is it good?
Hedonism
Pleasure is the good - and nothing else is
Eudoxus
Epicurus
Bentham
Plato
Form of the Good
Emotivism
- No factual justification possible
Ethical statements evince but do not necessarily express emotions
If no reasons can be given, then anything which works on emotions can be justified
Sets the bar too high? There can be reasons even if not proofs
Wants proofs for judgements
Intuitionism
- Good as non-natural quality
'like yellow'
We just know it when we see it
How can intuitions be justified?
Adds needless category to world
What if my intuition is different from yours?
Fact/value, Is/ought problem
Conscience - Aquinas and Freud
Freud
Sense of Guilt
Tension between
Id
,
Ego
and
Super-ego
Related to Oedipus Complex
Relationship to religion
Essentially non-rational process, designed to account for our feelings and neuroses
Aquinas
Conscience relates to both determining actions and self
Synderesis
- infallible desire to do good and avoid evil
Conscientia
- particular judgement - fallible
Need for full knowledge and full consent
Highly rational - connected with the need to determine guilt and responsibility
Conscience must always be followed
Sexual Ethics
Marriage
Moore
Killing-boo!
Barnes
Carnap
Ayer
Moore
Subconscious memory of Primal Horde
Projection - link to
Feuerbach
Vincible and invincible ignorance