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developmental 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Objective: mentally and physically capable, mental and physical health, social integration
      - Subjective: high life satisfaction and positive attitude toward ones own age
  - - - dev. varies considerably between behavioural domains as well as withing the same behavioural domain
      - may be increase, constancy or decrease in skills or characteristics over the same time period, not strictly linear
      - gains and losses
    - - intrapersonal variability in development, many possibilities for developmental outcomes, implied neural basis
      - plasticity involves the changeability of abilities of brain structure and functions
    - - human development is embedded in social contexts and takes place in the environments in which one lives
        
        microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem
      - Normative age-related influences
        
        same age for most people
        
        biological changes
        
        age associated socially normalised changes
      - cultural and historical influences
        
        impact on all people living at a certain time, gradual historical changes, abrupt historical changes
      - non-normative influences
        
        can occur in different historical and lifespan periods periods and only affect individuals:: biological factors, changes in the environment, personal behaviour
        
        makes people less similar
    - - interaction of selection, optimization and compensation
- - - - cognitive component: satisfaction with life, domain satisfaction
      - emotional / affective component: positive and negative affect
      - top down: subjective wellbeing = from personality -- wellbeing should remain stable
      - bottom up: wellbeing = from life circumstances -- decrease through age because gain-loss ratio
      - BUT Paradox of subjective wellbeing - tends to decrease despite bottom up / top down saying stable or decrease
      - Theories of subjective wellbeiing
        
        Hedonic theory of wellbeing
        
        happiness = key factor
        
        integrated theory of wellbeing
        
        Eduaimonic theory of wellbeing
        
        key factor =purpose in life
  - - - report how much the person feels each affect
    - - yes or no response to fo you feel X
    - - 1-7 how much you feel towards X
    - - select response to the affect category which fits the best
    - - wellbeing related to anterior cingulate cortex - part of PFC
  - - - key factoor in influence immediate and long-term wellbeing
      - strong association between dispositional gratitude and subjective wellbeing in a meta analysis with a moderating factor of age
    - - subtle differences by age in positive and negative affect, relationships between these constructs consistent across adult age groups
      - examining subconstructs of positive and negative affect revealed age differences in a cross sectional study of the PANAs psychometrics in younger vs older adults
    - - older adults tend to use emotional-focused coping strategies
      - among adult, rates of depression and anxiety tend to decrease with age
      - criterial likely to change - manuals, selective mortality
  - - - people strive for consistency and freedom from contradicitions within themselves
      - Assimilative strategies: increased effort and self control, rigid pursuit of goals
      - Accomodative Strategies: adaptation of goals, reinterpretation of expectations and abilities
      - decrease in assimilative and increase in accomodative strategies over lifespan