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Diversions of the nervous systems, Structure and function of neurons -…
Diversions of the nervous systems
The nervous system
Specialised network of cells in the human body and is our primary internal communication system
Two main functions are to collect, process and respond to info in the environment and to coordinate the working of different organs and cells in the body
Divided into 2 sub systems: central nervous systems, peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Two main functions are to control behaviour and the regulation of the body's physiological process
The brain: can be divided into four main areas ( the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon and brain stem )
The spinal cord: extension of the brain, responsible for reflex actions, passes messages to and from the brain and connects nerves to the PNS
Peripheral nervous system
Transmits messages via millions of neutrons to and from the CNS
Divided into two sub components
Somatic nervous system:
Controls voluntary muscle movement
Receives info from the sensory receptors
Deals with external environment
Allows for reflex to occur quickly
Carries commands from the motor cortex
Autonomic nervous systems:
Involuntary movements
Self regulating e.g heart beat, breathing ect
Control centre's are in the brain stem
Divided into two more branches:
Parasympathetic branch - relaxes the body known as rest and digest
Sympathetic branch - arouses the body known as fight or flight
Difference between ANS and SNS
ANS: involuntary, controls muscles, internal organs and glands of the body, control centre's are in the brain stem
SNS: voluntary. controls skeletal muscle movement, carries commands from the motor cortex
Structure and function of neurons
Sensory neuron
Long dendrites and short axons
Found in the CNS and they carry nerve impulses between neurons allowing sensory and motor neurons to communicate
Involves in analysing the sensations from these neurons and deciding how to respond
Motor neuron
Short dendrites and long axons
Send info via long axons from the brain/spina; cord through the effectors such as muscles or glands
Relay neurons
Short dendrites and short axons
Found in the CNS, carrying nerve impulses between neurons allowing sensory and motor neurons to communicate
Involved in analysing the sensations from these neurons and deciding how to respond