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Transnational Issues - Human Rights - Coggle Diagram
Transnational Issues - Human Rights
UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Adopted and proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 12/10/48
Not a treaty but adopted in order to define the meaning of "fundamental freedoms" and "human rights" in the UN Charter
It is now seen by most to be a part of
customary int. law
A significant part of the International Bill of Rights along with:
UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) - 1966/1976
Un Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCP) 1966/1976
International Bill of Human Rights:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) 0 1966/1976
UN Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Society
International Regimes:
For example, there is an International Human Rights Regime and International Human Rights Law
Are "Implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actors' expectations converge in a given area of international relations" (Krasner, 1982).
Two kinds of Human Rights:
Individual
Freedom from specific types of abuses or restrictions
Generally, these refer to rights abused directly by governments
Two types of individual human rights: Civil Rights and Liberties
Collective
Collective HR are to give humans a basic quality of life that "does not detract from their human dignity"
"Survival needs - to avoid violence"
"Well being needs - to avoid misery"
"Identity needs - to avoid alienation
"Freedom needs - to avoid repression"
Who monitors/enforces HRs?
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Human Rights Commitee
Committee on Torture
Committee on the Rights of the Child
Etc.
Significance: Often it is IGOs and NGOs who monitor and let "everyone" know about human rights violations. Nation-states are most likely to point out the violations of other states and ignore their own.