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Organised Groups - Coggle Diagram
Organised Groups
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Think tanks, lobbyists and corporations
Neutral think tanks:
- ResPublica (general policy issues)
- Chatham House (international affairs)
- Centre for Social Justice (welfare)
- Demos (current political issues)
Left wing think tanks:
- Fabian Society (social justice and equality)
- Institute for Public Policy Research (various left wing policy)
Right wing think tanks:
- Adam Smith Institute (free market solutions to economic problems)
- Centre for Policy Studies (promotes Thatcherism)
Pressure groups methods
Important examples of pressure groups methods include the following:
- Lobbying. this is direct contact with decision makers, policy makers and legislators. This methods largely involves persuasion. It is used by insider groups such as the, National Farmers Union, British Bankers Association, and the Confederation of British Industry.
- Public campaigning: this inolves large scale demonstrations of support for an issue or a group. It is designed to mobilise public opinion and show support to descion makers. Examples, environmental groups, doctors and teachers.
- Donations to political parties: these are legal as long as they are declared.
- Media campaigns: these often feature celebrities.
- Civil disobedience: when other methods have failed illegal ones are used.
- Social media and e-petitions: social media used to raise awareness.
- Legal action: judicial reviews aim to prevent discrimination against women and minorities.
Changes in pressure group methods:
- online campaigns.
- write in campaigns to MP.
- e-petitions.
- local action using 'flash demonstrations'.
- use of Human Rights Act 1998 to protect minorities.
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Party and pressure group
The following differences should be notes:
- pressure groups don't seek power.
- pressure groups are not accountable to the electorate only to their members.
- pressure groups usually focus on one policy area.
- pressure groups have supporters over formal membership.