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demographic trends - Coggle Diagram
demographic trends
migration in the UK
figures
immigration - 617,00 (up 2000 from sep 2014)
emigration - 294,000 (down 29,000 from sep 2014)
according to webb (2008) = 2004 net migration was 223,000 into the uk
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definitions
immigration = entering the country of residence for at least a year so that the country becomes one of usual residence
migration = changing the country of usual residence for at least a year so that the country becomes one of usual residence
emigration = leaving the country of residence for at least a year so that the country becomes one of usual residence
net migration = the difference between immigration and emigration and therefore whether the population of a country has decreased or increased
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patterns of migration
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1950-1960 = widespread immigration from countries that use to belong to the colonies that were classified as the commonwealth
1960 -1970 = immigration was used by the british government as a way of dealing with labour shortages for unskilled workers - started to make Britain a multi-cultural society
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2004-2007 = net migration was one of the highest recorded due to new countries joining the EU in 2004 - net immigration fluctuated 180,000 to 250,000
2007-2013 = immigration from new countries in the EU was around 10,000 per year with restrictions of jobs
2013 = 80% of immigrants came from the following groups: 15% - british citizens returning to UK for work or education, 40% - citizens from the EU, 15% - citizens of the commonwealth, 10% - citizens of old commonwealth
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effects on the family
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may be an increase in lone parent families due to enforced separation from family members (parents in other countries) - may also increase due to cultural differences (black carribean more likely to be LPF)
half of the population increases are from immigrants not the birth rate - increasing the number of children within the family due to cultural differences of childbearing patterns
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britains deaths
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infant mortality rate
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infant mortality rate = number of deaths of infants in their first year of life per 1000 of births per year
life expectancies
1901 - males = 45.5, female = 49.0
1951 - males = 66.1, females = 70.9
1991 - males = 73.2, females = 78.8
2003-5 - males = 76.6, females = 81.0
2012-13 - males = 79, females = 83
reasons for change
improved hygiene, sanitation and medicine
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britains births
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fertility rates
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total fertility rate (TFR) = average number of children women will have during fertile years (15-44 yrs)
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natural population change = changes in population due to changes in number of births & deaths excluding migration