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Evolution - Coggle Diagram
Evolution
Natural Selection- is where organisms are most suited to their environment and they can survive and reproduce the most successfully
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Genetic drift - is a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance
Gene flow, also called migration, is any movement of individuals, or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another
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Analogous structure- Structure that evolved independently in different organisms because the organisms lived in similar environments or experienced similar selective pressures
Small population size (pinky finger)- a population can shrink or a small population in general can have a smaller gene pool
The founder effect is when a small group of the population is isolated, and the Bottleneck is when that group dies
Nonrandom mating (ring finger)- choosing a mate based on a particular trait can change the gene frequency in a population, this can cause a phenotype to die out because one is preferred over the other
Mutations (middle finger)- changes in genetic code can cause a change in a gene, and this in turn can cause a change in how a protein functions. The change in protein function can affect the survival of the individual, which can change the frequency of the gene in the gene pool
Gene flow from emigration/immigration ( pointer finger)- when there is a significant flaw of new arrivals or a great number of departures from a population, the gene frequency in the gene pool is affected
Geographic speciation- biological populations of the same species become isolated due to geographical changes
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Behavioral speciation- occurs when two populations capable of interbreeding develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors
Reproductive speciation-Reproductive isolation occurs when a population splits into two groups and they can evolve into two separate species
Ecological speciation- Ecological speciation is the process by which new species form as a consequence of divergent natural selection between contrasting ecological environments
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Macroevolution refers to large-scale changes that occur over extended periods, such as the formation of new species and groups
Microevolution refers to small-scale changes that affect just one or a few genes and happen in populations over shorter timescales