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Unit 8 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 8
Types of isolation
Geographical Isolation - Members of a species become separated geographically, leading to the evolution of genetic differences and eventual speciation.
Temporal Isolation - Reproductive isolation occurs due to differences in breeding times between populations, resulting in the evolution of genetic differences and the formation of new species.
Behavioral Isolation - Species develop unique mating behaviors or rituals that prevent interbreeding with other species, leading to reproductive isolation and speciation.
Reproductive Isolation - occurs when a population splits into two groups and the 2 populations no longer interbreed. When population become reproductively isolated, they can evolve into two separate traits
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Types of evolution
Convergent evolution - Unrelated species evolve similar traits or behaviors due to similar selective pressures.
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Coevolution - Two species influence each other's evolution through close ecological interactions, often resulting in reciprocal adaptations.
Genetic Drift
Random changes in gene frequencies within small populations, leading to divergence.
Bottleneck effect - occurs when a population's size declines dramatically because of some dramatic event. Random event when organisms disappear from the population and survivors have a smaller gene pool
Founder effect - when a small number of individuals establishes a new population and a loss of genetic variation ensues. This can lead to a new species.
Mutation - Changes in DNA sequences due to replication or repair errors, serving as the ultimate source of genetic variation.
Germ line mutations: occur in gametes and can be paasses down to offspring. Germline mutations can occur before fertilization and furing various stages of embryonic development. (Most important in evolution)
Somatic cell mutations: occur in all the other cells found throughout the organism and CANNOT be passed down to offspring
Gene Flow - The movement of individuals between populations, introducing new genetic variations and influencing evolutionary trajectories.
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