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66. The cultural dimension of the English language in today's world.…
66. The cultural dimension of the English language in today's world. British English and American English. The presence of the English language in Spain. Anglicisms.
English around the world
Most widespread lang. Geographical expansion, +750 mill people use it, 350 apple mother tongue.
Alive lang. New terms: science, technology, cult. Adopted by other lang.
British Empire: EN speakers in every continent. India, Sudan: 1st educated lang.
Colonialism not only cause. Britain + America: victorious of WWII. Influence in UN, NATO, EU. Interpreted speeches.
Universal lang of diplomacy, science, technology and telecommunications. Electricity, radio. Internet, IBM, McDonald's, Ford.
Culture: American series, music, movies. Passive En in movies (signs, credits). BBC, CNN: 100 mill audiences. Newspapers, magazines.
British and American English
EN to America in 17thC. 18thC: 2/3rds of pple En descendants, Irish. Melting pot of cultures: mild shape of current AM EN. Uniform lang
AM EN: archaism, words and pronunciations of 17thC.
Both are similar. Differences in grammar, spelling, vocab. Modern BrEN: influenced by AmEN. Pronunciation diff.
British RP, Educated White Middle Class General Am En.
Differences in spelling
Noah Webster: Am sense of identity. Standards. Spelling: simplification. Am EN dictionary.
-our > -or
-re > -er
AE simplifies double consonants
AE -ue dropped from words ending in -gue
-gh- disappears in AE
wanna, gonna, gotta
BR: pyjamas, tyre, judgement, sceptic, jewellery, draught, encyclopaedia. AE: pyjamas, tire, judgment skeptic, jewelry, draft, encyclopedia.
Differences in grammar
AE auxiliary with have
AE adverbs without -ly
AE: get > gotten
AE irregular vbs regular
Differences in vocabulary
Institutions. British Parliament is American Congress.
AE: apartment, cookie. BR: flat, biscuit.
Differences in pronunciation
Different. Some states BR pronunciation, others barely understandable (South).
/a:/ doesn't exist in AE. /ae/
Br /o/ = Am /a/
BR /o:/ Am /o/
th, d, n, t, + u/ew. Br: /ju:/ Am /u:/
/r/ always pronunced in AE, in BR only between vowels
AE 't' between vowels /r/
No intrusive nor linking 'r' in AE
BR: ad'dress, ciga'rette. AE: 'address, 'cigarette
-ing /in/ AE.
Nasalisation in AE
The English language in Spain
EN invaded our society. Tourist industry. EN key to speak with foreigners. Spain in Summer: Ibiza
Film industry and titles:
Mystic River, Lost in Translation, Big Fish, Algo para recordar (Sleepless in Seattle)
Daily use: though having words of our own, we use EN: overbooking for sobreventa, corner for saque de esquina. Anglicisms
Anglicisms
20thC: Anglicisms invaded every lang due to American influence. Radio, TV, journalism, social media, technology, fashion, science.
Some are English words with no change in spelling or pronunciation:
ranking, manager, ticket, hobby
Partially or totally adapted to Spanish spelling:
fútbol, yogur, estrés, líder, champú
Pronounced acc to Spanish grammar:
snog, slogan, spray, punk, iceberg, rock and roll
Non-obvious Angl: seem real Spanish words:
nostalgia (pesar), detective (investigador), década (decade, decenio), evento (event, acontecimiento) expectación, sofisticado
. Synonyms
False Angl: don't exist in EN.
Body, footing
Most important fields
Computer field:
hardware, software, formatear, email
House appliances: instructions,
video, stop, play, on, off, forward, rec
Sports:
step, hard trick, penalty, gol, kickboxing
Sociological loans: Christmas cards, Valentine's Day, Halloween, sit-coms