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5. ON SEMANTIC IN-VARIANT OF THE CLASS OF WORDS WITH GENITIVE SUBJECT,…
5. ON SEMANTIC IN-VARIANT OF THE CLASS OF WORDS WITH GENITIVE SUBJECT
Differences in related verbs
semantically
prove the theory
a. Старости на собрании не было.
b. *Старости на собрании не присутствовало.
a. The elder was not at the meeting.
b. *The elder did not attend the meeting.
a. Неполнота в поставке технической продукции не поступило.
b. *Неполнота в поставке технической продукции не началось.
b. The incompleteness in the delivery of technical products did not begin.
a. The incompleteness in the delivery of technical products did not occur.
a. Симптомов болезни не наблюдалось.
b. *Симптомов болезни не исчезло.
a. Symptoms of the illness were not observed.
B. Symptoms of the illness did not disappear.
Apresjan's theory (1985)
choice of subject case
syntactic feature of the verb
corresponding verb group
passive verb forms
наблюдаться: to be observed
чувствоваться: to be felt
Predicative Forms
жаль: sorry, pity
стыдно: ashamed, embarrassed
group of verbs with the characteristic
Semantic Components and Implications
Absence in the field of vision implies non-existence
Example: МОРОЗА не чувствуется
"The frost is not felt"
Additional Factors
Animacy vs. inanimacy
Referentiality of the subject
Topic-focus articulation
Presence of the observer
Genitive verbs
used with genitive subject
Invariant semantic components:
'X exists' (process/event)
Example: Осадков не выпадало
"There was no precipitation"
X is present in the field of vision of the observe
Example: Деревни не видно
"The village is not visible"
Anna Wierzbicka's work
4. SEMANTIC FEATURES AND SELECTION RESTRICTIONS IN LEXICON AND GRAMMAR
Semantic features in theory
70's - 80's
Ju. Apresjan (1974)
semantic decomposition - lexical meanings
A. Wierzbicka (1972)
systems of NLP
subsidiary alternative
60's
Essential Instrument
for semantic analysis
Other perspectives
Elena V. Paducheva
Semantic Features
Deserves greater visibility
"garden variety"
modern semantics
plays the main role
regulating selection constraints
lexicon and grammar.
2 more items...
"label"
semantic components
lexeme decomposition
1 more item...
Selection restrictions examples
Example 1
1. specific semantic characteristics.
Incompatibility of contraries
allow raising negation in " predicates"
Excluded
neutrality
Example 2
2. Russian conjunctions
KaK 'as'
qTo 'that'
are based on semantic components
preceding verbs.
Example 3.
3. semantic invariant
introduce indirect questions ( predicate)
depend on specific semantic component
"Semantics of Grammar" Book -
grammatical selection restrictions
derived from semantic features
words
constructions
