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SOCIALISATION - Coggle Diagram
SOCIALISATION
SOCIALISATION OF GENDER ROLES: Oakley suggests there are 4 ways in which gender socialisation takes place
- manipulation- encourage behaviour that is normal for a child's sex, discourage those that are not through disapproval/ punishment
- Canalisation- chidlren are 'channeled' to certain toys and activities by their parents
- Verbal Appellations: they way we talk to children can show how important gender is
- Different Activities- children are expected to do different things
EDUCATION:
functionalist view: positive- instils values of competition, equality and individualism
marxist + feminist view: negative- 'hidden curriculum', education is a 'giant myth-making machine' that brainwashes children, helps to enforce patriarchy and gender roles
MEDIA:
positive: creates a common sense of belonging, build communities, help to make sense of world around them
negative: responsible for indoctrination of values of capitalism, helping to create a harmful mass culture,
RELIGION:
functionalist view: positive- socialise societys members into a value consensus (Durkheim), religion part of cultural subsystem of society, performs vital but limited functions in the maintenance of social order (Parsons)
marxist view: negative- religion is a 'ideological apparatus' that serves to reflect ruling class interests, makes exploitation, poverty + inequality bearable by promising a reward in the afterlife
DEFINITION- a process of learning a culture. > lifelong process and we can be re-socialised as our roles change- e.g. army recruits
THE CIVILISING PROCESS: Elias argues- process of socialisation has grown more influential throughout history
PRIMARY SOCIALISATION: early years of life, family plays key role, can be taught formally and picked up informally by watching parents
family is an informal agency of social control
SECONDARY SOCIALISATION; institutions + groups such as schools, religion, mass media, peer groups are part of this process
AGENTS OF SOCIALISATION: media, education, religion, peer groups