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what has the greatest effect on the absorbing power of a hydrogen polymer…
what has the greatest effect on the absorbing power of a hydrogen polymer in nappies
background
where are they most commonly used
hydrogels are mostly used in tissue engineering to mimic the complex structure of body tissues through different biomechanical signals and various mechanical properties that play a crucial role in various biomecanical applications
why are hydrogels used instead of other substances
they are used instead of other substances because of the physical properties of high absorbency, retention of liquid, safety and comfort, efficiency, and their versatility
hydrogels are generally safe and non-irritating to the skin, they also help keep the skin dry, which can prevent rashes and discomfort for the baby
once the hydrogel has absorbed the liquid, it holds onto it, even under pressure. this is crucial in a diaper where the weight and movment of the baby could otherwise squeeze out the liquid
the high absorbency of hydrogels can absorb a significant amount relative to their own mass, this makes them extremely effective at soaking up and holding onto the liquid waste in diapers
what are the pros and cons
cons
hydrogels are not biodegradable and contribute to land fill waste
some parents may be considered about the chemicals used in hydrogels, although they are generally considered safe
the cost of hydrogels based can be expensive than traditional ones
pros
hydrogelss are super absorbent therefor they can absorb large amouunt of liquids and it into a gell like substance
the offer comfort as the help maintains s a dry surface against the baby's skin, reducing discomfort and preventing rashes
the thin design of hydrogel based dipapers can be thinner and more flexible due to their high absorbency
hydrogels also offer Oder control as the gel helps trap and contain the Oder
what are hydrogels (definition and supporting structure )
the structure of hydrogels is formed by crosslinked polymer chans that create a three-dimensional network these crosslinks can be either physical or chemical
in simple terms hydrogels are Crystal like and are used to adsorb liquids
they are composed of three-dimensional (3D) structures with hydrated polymeric networks by definition, water must contribute at least 10% of the total volume of the material to take the form of a hydrogel
hydrogels are gels in which the liquid component is water
how do hydrogells absorb liquids
this function comes from the hydrophilic functional groups attached to the polymer backbone, while their resistance to dissolution arises from cross-links between network chains
how are hydrogels created
they are formed by the self assembly of small or macromolecular polymers. usually formed by covalent, non-covalent and/or physical cross-linking or precursors molecules
how are hydrogels used in nappies
disposable nappies utilise the ability of hydrogels to absorb water even under pressure. they contain small crystals (about 1 mm in diameter) of sodium polyacrylate in the fluff at the core of the nappy
when a baby urinates, these hydrogel crystals absorb the urine and swell up, helping keep moisture away from the baby;s skin and preventing diaper rash
are they eco friendly
how long can hydrogels hold and contain urine
independent variables
ph level
controlled variables
the temperature of the urine
the temperature of the urine will remain the same as all the beakers are placed in the same area where the environmental factor would change the temperatures of all the liquids
the quantity of urine placed into the sieve
the quantity of urine tested will remain constant as each trail being preformed will be measured in the measuring cylinder to 150 ml before pouring the liquid onto the hydrogel
the mass of hydrogel
the mass of the hydrogel will remain constant as before each trial the mass of the hydrogel is weighted to be 0.5 grams on the same electronic scale
the type of hydrogel
the type of hydrogel will remain constant as all the hydrogel will be used from the same container from the same company
factors that cant be held constant
the efficiency on the hydrogels
this factor will always remain uncontrolled as each group of hydrogels may have a different preforming rate
the efficiency of the hydrogels can not remain the same as some of the hydrogels particles may be damaged or under preforming
method
A 500ml was filled with 450 ml of distilled water
A digital pH meter was placed in the beaker
Hydrochloric acid is added to the beaker until the pH level
changes to the preferred PH
A dry beaker is placed on the electronic scale and reset
0.5 grams of the hydrogel are placed into the dry beaker and measured on an electronic scale
A 600ml beaker was placed under the fine sieve
The 0.5 grams of hydrogel are placed into the sive
150ml of the modified liquid is poured into a measuring cylinder
The 150ml of modified liquid is slowly poured into the 0.5 grams of hydrogel
A spatula was used to gently stir the mixture
After 2 minutes, the filtered liquid is poured back into the hydrogel
The access liquid is poured into a measuring cylinder to be measured and recorded
Steps 1 to 11 are repeated for different pH levels
materials
3x 500ml beakers
hydrochloric acid
digital pH meter
dry beaker
600ml beaker
4.5 grams of hydrogel
sieve
measuring cylinder
spatula
temperature
controlled variables
the quantiy of the urine placed into the seive
the quantity of urine tested will remain constant as each trail being preformed will be measured in the measuring cylinder to 150 ml before pouring the liquid onto the hydrogel
the type of hydrologel
the type of hydrogel will remain constant as all the hydrogel will be used from the same container from the same company
the mass of the hydrogel
the mass of the hydrogel will remain constant as before each trial the mass of the hydrogel is weighted to be 0.5 grams on the same electronic scale
the ph level
the pH level will remain the same as the substance used will all be from the same distal water container
factors that cant be held constant
the efficiency of the hydrogel
the efficiency of the hydrogels can not remain the same as some of the hydrogels particles may be damaged or under preforming
this factor will always remain uncontrolled as each group of hydrogels may have a different preforming rate
method
A 500ml was filled with 450 ml of distilled water
A thermometer was placed in the beaker
the beaker was placed on top of a gauze mat on a Bunsen burner
the temperature of the distilled water is heated to 40 degrees
A dry beaker is placed on the electronic scale and reset
0.5 grams of the hydrogel are placed into the dry beaker and measured on an electronic scale
A 600ml beaker was placed under the fine sieve
The 0.5 grams of hydrogel are placed into the sieve
150ml of the heated liquid is poured into a measuring cylinder
The 150ml of heated liquid is slowly poured into the 0.5 grams of hydrogel
A spatula was used to gently stir the mixture
After 2 minutes, the filtered liquid is poured back into the hydrogel
The access liquid is poured into a measuring cylinder to be measured and recorded
Steps 1 to 11 are repeated for different temperatures of 55 degrees
materials
3x 500ml beakers
thermometer
digital pH meter
dry beaker
600ml beaker
4.5 grams of hydrogel
sieve
measuring cylinder
spatula
bunsen burner
method of measuring the urine absorbed
the liquid is poured into the sieve with the hydrogel, the liquid and the hydrogel are stirred slowly for 2 minutes after the liquids have leaked through the sieve it is poured into a measuring cylinder and the measured liquid is subtracted from the initial liquid added to the hydrogel, the lower the access water remaining the more efficient the reaction of the hydrogel
what type of hydrogels are used in nappies
the most common hydrogel used in diapers is sodium polyacrylate due to their unique high absorbency and efficiency