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Inflection vs Derivation
https://youtu.be/GdrgdVgmX28?si=rgLUnxO9c_Wx9lls…
Inflection is a type of affix that distinguishes grammatical forms of the same lexeme, such as go and went, which belong to the same lexeme. In linguistics, inflection is a process of word formation where a word is modified to express different grammatical categories. Derivation is the process of creating new words, which can be formed by changing the form of the base or adding affixes. Inflection is a major source of new words in a language.
Derivation is an affix indicating a change in grammatical category, like person-al, which is an adjective and not a noun.
Derivation is not obligatory and is determined by syntactic context. Inflection, like the concept of number, is not obligatory. Booij (1996) distinguishes between inherent and contextual inflection. Inherent inflection is determined by the speaker's intended information, like number, while contextual inflection is determined by syntactic context.
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Inflection is found further from the base than derivation
https://youtu.be/_Z6eHsXT2Jc?si=K_2s2ChtuzfZ1DVR
Example: in personalities we have the base person, then the derivational suffixes -al and -ity before we get
the inflectional suffix -s. You don’t get, e.g. *person-s-al-ity
Inflectional forms share the same concept as the base, derivational forms do not.
Eg: Person-s has same concept as person, but person-al does not.
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Derivation is the creation of a new word by adding a prefix or suffix, originating from Latin. It differs from inflection, as derivation may feed inflection but not vice versa. Zero derivation or conversion occurs without a bound morpheme, creating more complex stems for inflectional rules.
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Derivation, Compounding, and Productivity
Word-formation is divided into derivation and compounding, with derivation involving lexemes and compounding involving lexemes. Conversion involves changing word class, while productive patterns can be systematically extended. Derivation of nouns ending in -er from verbs is productive in English, but derivation of nouns in -th from adjectives is not. Some occasional coinings, like coolth, are often humorous and do not represent productive patterns.
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