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hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine ：Endocrine glands: hypothalamus,…
hypothalamic-pituitary-endocrine ：Endocrine glands: hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads （ovaries & testes）
hypothalamus: regulate thirst, hunger, body temperature, water balance, and BP.
oxytocin and vasopressin created in the hypothalamus, and stored in neurosecretory vesicles.
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- GnRH: positive --FSH/LH--gonads. 2. CRH--+--ACTH--adrenal cortex. 3.TRH--+--TSH--thyroid. 3. PRH --+-- prolactin--mammary gland. 4. Dopamine--negative --prolactin---mammary gland. 5. GHRH--+-- GH--liver. 6. Somatostatin---negative--GH--liver
Pituitary (hypophysial): is master gland of the endocrine system. Transponder: neural into hormonal.
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Neurocrine Signaling produced by neurons. Paracrine Secreted in intestitial fluid; signals nearby cells.
Autocrine Homeones that acts on the cells that produce it.
Hormone trasport: solubility, carrier proteins, micells
short feedback loop: peripheral gland hormone--anterior pituitary. Long feedback loop: peripheral gland hormone--hypothalamus. ultra short feedbackL anterior pituitary to hypothalamus.
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Diurnal/ cyclic rhythms: hormone: ACTH: (lowest is 11pm to 3 am, highest around
6-9 am) R/T pulse amplitude and not
pulse frequency
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Panhypopituitarism = complete loss of pituitary gland function. Monotropic hormone deficiency= loss of only a single pituitary hormon
AVP: arginine vasopressin: Hypothalamic osmoreceptors, extremely
sensitive, will secrete ADH. Vascular baroreceptors (left atrium, aortic arch
and carotid arteries) also response 10% of decrease BP
Diabtetes insipidus (DI): AVP deficiency. Polyuria , Polydipsia
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