Semantics

  1. Types & modes of meaning, compositionality
  1. Lexical and grammatical meaning
  1. Theoretical approaches to the study of meaning (componential analysis; holistic approaches)
  1. Meaning and concept; mental representation and categories; prototype
  1. Paradigmatic relations generally
  1. The paradigmatic relation of identity
  1. The paradigmatic relation of opposition
  1. Syntagmatic relations; co-occurrence restrictions; anomalies; grammar semantics
  1. Polysemy; meaning extension; metaphor and metonymy

Reference and sense

Sentence and proposition

Utterance meaning

Compositionality

Modes of combination

Dimensions of meaning

Propositions and relations between propositions

Analytic statements, synthetic statements, paradoxical sentences (contraditictions)

Entailment

Propositional equivalence/inconsistence, incompatibility

Converseness/independence

Presupposition

Grammatical meaning: noun and verb categories; functional roles

Situation types

Stative and dynamic

Durative and punctual

Atelic and telic

Aspectual meaning

the semantics of countability and number

Functional roles

agent; patient/affected; recipient; experiencer; external causer; result; instrument; locative

Componential analysis

Semantic features

Sense relations

Synonymy, complementary pairs, hyperonymy, hyponymy, reverse pairs

Mental representations & concepts

Binarity, redundancy rules

Word meaning & concept

Necessary and sufficient features

Prototype

Jackendoff's Conceptual structure of sentences

Synonymy

Paraphrase, mutual entailment

Beyond denotation: connotation, affect, collocation

Absolute synonymy, propositional synonymy, plesionyms (near synonyms)

Incompatibility/antonymy

Complementary antonyms, gradable antonyms, reverses, converses, co-hyponyms (taxonomic sisters)

Gradable antonyms: polar, equipollent, overlapping

Diagnostic tests

Morphological antonyms

Presupposed meaning x Anomalies/semantic crash: incongruity, paradox, inappropriateness

Selectional and collocational restrictions/preferences

Pleonasm

tautonyms, philonyms

Homonymy, monosemy, polysemy

Metaphor and metonymy

Image schemata - trajector and landmark

Metonymic relationships/strategies/patterns of metonymy: container for contents/contained; possessor for possessed/attribute; represented entity for representative; whole for part; part for whole; place for institution; object used for user; place for people/event