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p1 case studies - Coggle Diagram
p1 case studies
challenges of natural hazards
tectonic hazards
Iceland
constructive plate boundry
plates move apart, new land formed that is fertile so good for farming
Monserrat
1997 massive volcanic eruption
southern half of island still uninhabitable, designated exclusion zone
population was 12,000 now 6,000
lahars flowed to southern areas, such a plymouth
atmospheric hazards
dawlish railway disaster
typhoon haiyan
1 million houses severly damages
8000 dead
80,000 evacuated
climate change
arctic ocean
greenland
the living world
small scale ecosystems
epping forest
diciduous woodland
lots of native tree species
car park
north wet of london
rainforests
amazon rainforest
logging
fields for farming and agriculture
housing, building
cold environments
alaska
fishing
worth $11 billion
3 months a year
$12,000 a day
$150,000 for permit
cons
non renewable
no education
mineral extraction
3 months of constant sunlight
good for gold extraction
1g = £50 and 1-3 ounces a day
tourism
2 million visited 2013
energy
antarctica
landscapes
coastal features and management
dawlish warren
spit over mouth of river exe
management schemes
groynes to prevent longshore drift
beach nourishment
dune regeneration
is being worn away, if it does then exeter will flood
river features and management
river tees
has all featured of river
wales
somerset levels
flooded january 2014
causes
low pressure ystems
raining for 4 months
13 storms
x3 average rainfall
topography
some of the lowest lying land in the uk
tidal from parrett estuary
deposited silt fills up estuary
on a floodplain
human activity
medieval, drained marshes to use as farmland
dug drainage ditches to loose water
sank down to lower level that the river
changing practices in farming
chopped down trees
faster overland flow, less absorbance and obstructions
compacted soil by tractors
response
hard engineering
built 20 walls around houses
dredging
FLAG (flood action group)
soft engineering
aerate soil to hold more water
leave hedge land by rivers
leave stumps in the ground after harvest over winter
impacts
house damages £16 million
165 homes effected
emotional & phsycological