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conditions for life on earth - Coggle Diagram
conditions for life on earth
earth before life
features that created a suitable condition for life
mass
the mass of the earth was great enough to prevent most gases escaping to space
this atmosphere includes
carbon
carbon dixode
hydrogen
methane
oxyfgen
nitrogen
ammonia
the atmospheric pressure was also high enough to stop liquids from boiling and evaporating away
this liquid water is vital for for organisms and is the general physiological solvent for most biological reactions
the mass is also useful for transport and temperature regulation
distance from the sun
the light emitted from the sun and the distance to earth is in the goldilocks zone which is the zone in which living organism can survive
if we were closer or further from the sun we would not have liquid water
axis of rotation
the axis of the sun controls the seasons
these seasons depend on where they are closest from the sun and also what tilt there is creates the different seasons around the world
magnetic field
the molten layer beneath the crust is what creates a magnetic field around the earth
the magnetic field creates a barrier from solar rays from the sun which can cause mutations and also stops the Earth's surface heating up from the rays
speed of rotation
the temperature on Earth's surface rises when the sun shows and fall when the sun isn't on the surface of the earth
the 24-hour rotation and also the axis of rotation control the earth from having extreme tempertures
Arly conditions on earth that allowed life to develop
presence of liquid water
solvent water
the general physiological solvent. most chemical reaction in living organism include water
transport within organisms
water is a solvent in blood and sap were it tran sports dissolved gases, sugars, amino acids, mineral nutrients
temperature controlo
the evaporation of water absorbs heat, causing tempertures to decline
anomalous expansion on freezing
water is most dense ar 4^C so water cooler than this floats, stopping convection currents that may have colled that water body down
high specific heat capacity
water warms up and cools slowly, which helps moderate the rate and size of temp changes
aquatic habitats
oceans, lakes, seas and rivers
absorbtion of uv rays
this protected living organism in the ocean before the ozone layer developed which absorbses uv out of the stratsphere
temp range
most areas of Earth's tempertures range from 0 to 35 C
so most areas are warm enough to have liquid water but not denture proteins
atmospheric gases
carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
nitrogen for protein sythesis
solar insulation
sunlight provides energy for photsythesi
the heat produced by thee basorption of sunlight provides the energy that dives the water cycle
this warms the oceans and Earth's surface
the amount of sunlight absorbed depends on the albedo
the albedo is how likely it is to reflect sunlight
ice has a high albedo so relects more sun whereas soil has a lower albedo so absorbs the subgligh
how life on earth causes environmental change
atmospheric oxgen
oxygen in the atmosphere absorbs the ub rays but this splits the diatomic bongs and creates an triatomic bonds which is now called ozone
carbon sequestration
carbon is a green house gas and helps to retain the heat energy in the atmosphere
carbon is needed in carbon dioxide for photostheis
carbon then builds up in the pants the photosythesise, so when these plants died they were layered
these plants then had pressure and heat applied and formed fossil fuels like coal and gas
biogeochemical cyles
as a greater variety of organism evolved, inter connecting biological process apprred which produced biogeochemical cycles.
these meant that relatively small amounts of nutrient could support life over longer periods without the resource becoming depleted
transpirtation
once plants had evolved and colinsed the land
transpirtation retured water vapor to the atmosphere and increased the amount of rainfall in other areas.
making the growth of even more plant life possibel
the development of methods to research past conditions on earth
proxy data
ice cores
tree rings
soil layers
can measure half life of radioactive material to work out theage of a rock
ratios of oxygen can be used to estimate the air tmeperure
the ration of magnesium to calcium in calcite deposits can be used to estimate the temperature mor eaccuratley
more magnesium indicates high temperatures
key principles
the structure and movement of earth and its position in the solar system, control the abiotic condytions on earth
the presence of life has changed conditions on earth and made it more suitable to survive on
living systems have responded to environmental changes, such as the increasing intensity of sunlight
this has maintened the conditions that allow living organism to survive