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Conflict and Upheaval - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Homage means to pay tribute to your overlord in return for lands. English kings had to pay homage to the French kings, however the Kings of France changed frequently, so homage had to be paid many times. Gascony had a lot of vineyards and made lots of quality wine, and the money from this was very valuable to have so caused conflict.
    - - By 1337, the only land England owned in France was a small part of Aquitaine called Gascony, This land caused conflict between Edward III and Phillip VI.
    - - In 1328, the King of France died without a male heir, However the king had a sister, Isabella. Isabella's son, King Edward III of England. The French nobles had the choice between Isabella's son or a distant cousin. They chose the cousin and crowned him King Phillip VI of France. However, this caused tension between the two kings as Edward believed the crown was rightfully his. In response to this belief, Phillip felt the need to prove himself and war was declared.
  - - - The English took up a defensive position on a hill, and the French were forced to fight uphill in the rain
      - The French crossbows were no match for the English longbows, and by the evening the French was defeated.
      - King Edward led chevauchees throughout the Normandy region, which contributed to 1/4 of France's wealth
    - - The siege began in August 1346 and lasted 11 months until Calais surrrendered to the English
      - To help the French, Scotland launched an invasion of England but were heavily defeated, and King David the Bruce was captured.
      - After defeating the French at Crecy, Edward marched on to the port city of Calais
    - - English overhwhelmed the French Navy at the port of Sluys.
      - French fleet virtually wiped out, which gave England control of the English channel.
      - First major battle- naval battle
    - - After the chevauchee caused heavy economic damage, many French nobles switched alliance to the Black Prince
      - In 1335, Edward of Woodstock(The Black Prince) returned to France with a small army to carry out the Grand Chevauchee
      - Two sides met at Poitiers, the French had 16,000 men and the English had only 6,000
      - This battle was similar to Crecy, where the English were on a hill with longbows, and a surprise attack of cavalry,
      - Many French nobles were killed and King John was captured, which was a huge vitory for the Black Prince and England.
    - - Edward would no longer have to pay homage for the lands
      - France had to pay 3 million gold coins ransom
      - Edward was given all of Aquitane and more
      - Edward would be promoted from Duke of Aquitaine to Lord of Aquitaine.
      - Edward would give up his claim as King of France
- - - - POSITIVES: peasants gained more power as less people to do work, wages increased, ploughman's wages from 2 shilling to 10, Ordinance and statute of laborer's 1349 and 1351
      - NEGATIVES: shortages of laborers, 40% of Bristol dead, 50% of Norwich, 40% of priests dead as they had to give last rights, 50% of population dead, took hundreds of years to recover as it kept coming back in different strains
- - - - Expected to work and look after the family
      - Jobs included: sowing seeds, harvesting crops, spinning wool, weaving cloth, brewing beer
      - 90% lived in the countryside
      - Many died before the age of 40 due to complications with childbirth due to lack of medicine
    - - Managed the household, entertained guests and embroidered
      - If their husband died, they could be given control of his estate and become wealthy
      - Given basic education
      - Could avoid marriage by becoming nuns and devoting themselves to religion
- - - - King Richard II, John of Gaunt, Simon of Sudbury, Robert Hales, Thomas Bampton
    - - 30th May -Thomas Bampton tries collects taxes in Fobbing, starts revolt
        1st June - Bampton returns and 3 of his men are killed
        7th June- revolt spreads to Kent
        10th June- spread to Canterbury
        12th June- Meet London, demand to meet king, cross London bridge
        13th June - Rampaged around London
        14th June - Mile End, king agreed, killed Simon of Sudbury and Robert Hales
        15th June- Smithfield, Tyler got violent and over demanding so was kiled by London Mayor William Walworth, revolt over
    - - Wat Tyler, John Ball, Jack Straw
  - - - killed 1500 people who were involved, John Ball and Jack Straw executed
      - wages controlled back to pre-black death rates
      - Richard's broken promises, revoked pardons
      - poll tax quietly abandoned
    - - No more Poll Tax, quietly abandoned, never attempted anything similar til 1989 by Margret Thatcher's community charge
      - Impact on the war, no funds to pay for war, parliament refused anymore tax in fear, looked for peace
      - gradual decline of serfdom, got more opportunities to buy land, filled gaps and made middle class
      - Fall of he King, praised at firts, angry to loose the war, divide between King and the nobles, in 1399 he was forced to abdicate, killed by starvation