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Antineoplastic drugs can be used during chemotherapeutic treatment of…
Antineoplastic drugs can be used during chemotherapeutic treatment of neoplasia (cancer). Discuss how these drugs are used in veterinary medicine, providing examples where appropriate, and evaluate the health and safety considerations associated with their use (100%)
intro - what essay will discuss the purpose of antineoplastic drugs (treat cancer)their use in vet medicine can be used in combination with other treatment modalities. the different actions of anti-neoplastic drugs, MOA and possible side effects plus the health and safety associated with their use
what is neoplasia
uncontrolled growth of a population of cells, result of mutations cells dont go through programmed cell death correctly- continual replication
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chemotherapy agents
often used in combination with other agents - synergisum. target rapidly dividing cells ( issues with damaging healthy cells)
target - DNA syntesis, protein metabolism, mitosis
antineoplastic drugs
alkalating agents, affect DNA crosslink formation preventing replication (chlorambucil)
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cytotoxic antibiotics - affect DNA transcription, inhibit troposimin II enzyme ( related to cell development), damages cell membrane, and releases free radicals - toxins to cells.
hormones - prednisolone, gonadotropins affect mitosis in lymh cells - inhibit mitosis and protein syntesis (lymphoma and mast cell tumours)
generally prevent further tumour cell development, however not specific so affect other rapidly dividing cells e.g bone marrow RBC's = anaemia
tumour specific agents
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toceranib - inhibits (competitive) tyrosine kinase receptors which are involved in cell signaling - abnormally activated/uncontrolled in tumour cells they are associated with tumour prolifeltion .
tigilanol tigate - used in surface skin tumours (mast cell) - injected directly stimulate protein kinas c - interupts blood supply to cell= death
verdinexor - unique mode of action - inhibits export protein that would normally remove tumour suppresor cells. minimal side effects - treat lymphoma
combination therapies
COP - cytoxan-oncovin-pred - cyclophosphamide (PO EOD), voncristine IV q7 days , prednisolone PO SID for 21 days then reduce dose after 2mths
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health and safety
most agents are cytotoxic so can kill cells, for this reason treatment is often only caried out in the hospital enviroment
exposure is easy so care must be taken to avoid it - PPE, correct waste disposal of patient excretions to prevent it exiting into the enviroment. patient isolation
safe preperation of drugs - closed handling systems - fume hoods, contained adminiatration - luer lock
for tablets and capsules they should never be broken, divided or crushed. ensure owners recieve clear instructions and wear gloves to prevent exposure.
chemotherapy dosing
based on body surface area - very specific as ovedose can result in toxic effects and underdosing results in tumour reccurence