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B13 - Coggle Diagram
B13
Screening
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Screening embryos
You need to harvest cells from a developing child to screen a fetus. There are two main methods to this:
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Amniocentesis
This is carried out at around 15-16 weeks into a pregnancy. It is when fluid is taken from a developing fetus which contains fetal cells, which can be used for genetic screening.
You can also produce embryos by IVF to be tested before they are implanted into their mother, this would mean that some inherited disorders in families will not be born with it.
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DNA
The long strands of DNA consist of alternating sugar and phosphate sections. Attached to each one is one of four bases - A, C, G, and T. Each unit of these bases is known as a nucleotide.
A sequence of three bases is the code for a particular amino acid. The order of bases controls the order of amino acids are that are assembled to produce a particular protein.
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The best of both worlds
Reproduction in fungi
The most common reproduction in fungi is asexual. The fungi spores are produced by mitosis and they are genetically identical to the parent. Two hyphae from different fungi can join and the nuclei fuses so the hypha has two sets of chromosomes.
Reproduction in plants
Sexual reproduction can occur in plants, this is when the pollen from one flower reaches another flower. They are adapted to make pollen spread, with example is being brightly coloured so that insects carry their pollen to other plants. They can also reproduce asexually, as a new plant can grow from directed mitosis.
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Genetic/Disorders
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is when cell membranes prevent of substances to one side to another, this leads to large build up of mucus. This leads to the clogging of organs, and potentially dangerous with the lungs.
Polydactyly
Sometimes people are born with genetic mutations, such as being born with an extra finger or toe, this is called polydactyly. It is caused by a dominant allele and can be inherited by one parent who has the condition. Some people may have it removed or live life with it.
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Protein
Proteins are synthesised according to a template. Carrier molecules bring specific amino acids to add to the growing protein chain in the correct order.
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