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Socio-Emotional Development in Early Childhood, image, image, image, image…

- - - - is a strict style of parenting that places high expectations on children. Authoritarian parents set rigid rules with no explanation, and expect their children to obey them without question or face severe punishment.
    - - In this parenting style, the parents are nurturing, responsive, and supportive, yet set firm limits for their children. They attempt to control children's behavior by explaining rules, discussing, and reasoning. They listen to a child's viewpoint but don't always accept it.
    - - Uninvolved parenting, sometimes referred to as neglectful parenting, is a style characterised by a lack of responsiveness to a child's needs. Uninvolved parents make few to no demands of their children and they are often indifferent, dismissive, or even completely neglectful.
    - - Permissive or Indulgent parents mostly let their children do what they want, and offer limited guidance or direction. They are more like friends than parents. Their discipline style is the opposite of strict. They have limited or no rules and mostly let children figure problems out on their own.
    - - .
        
        Culture
        
        Sociocultural characteristics, including economic hardship, religion, politics, neighborhoods, schools, and social support, can also influence parenting. Parents who experience economic hardship tend to be more easily frustrated, depressed, and sad, and these emotional characteristics can affect their parenting skills.
        
        Many different factors influence the way parents go about handling their child's upbringing, for example a main one could be their cultural backgrounds because of they were raised as a child etc.
  - - - Since my parents were very different I experienced a more mixed parenting style from both of them. This meant that it got confusing for me a lot as a kid in knowing how to act and what I could get away with etc. This was A mix of Permissive/ Neglectful & Authoritarian parenting. This is very common in a two working-parent family, where time limits the level of input the parent has in the family relationship.
    - - In my childhood, my dad took more of an authoritarian style of parenting. He was the more strict parent who laid down the rules and would punish us if we did not listen.
    - - My mother usually let my father take care of the punishment and would usually just do her own thing and so she took more of the neglectful style of parenting. For example if my father was a way then there would be less rules and we would not have a bed time etc.
- - - - Sex refers to biological traits
      - gender encompasses social and psychological aspects
    - - acquired by age 3. its the sense of being male or female
    - - expectations dictating how males and females should think, act, and feel
  - - - Gender development depends on cognition, with gender typing occurring after gender constancy is established.
    - - Gender typing occurs based on internalized socio-cultural standards, shaping perceptions and behaviors.
- - - - occurs from 4-7 years of age; justice and rules are thought of as unchangeable properties that people cannot control
      - An example of this is a child would believe that breaking 12 cups accidentally is worse than breaking 1 cup intentionally
      - Imminent justice
        
        the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be given immediately
    - - shown after the age of 10; awareness that rules and laws are created by people and one should consider a person's intentions and consequences when judging an action
      - An example of this is that a child would become more willing to change rules in a game depending on social consensus
- - - - When I was around four years old, I had an experience that shaped my sense of initiative and self-understanding. In kindergarten, we were allowed to choose our own activities during free play. I found that the pretend play kitchen was where I frequently went. I excitedly planned a "dinner party" for my friends one day, preparing plastic dishes and arranging the table. I was proud and confident when my teacher saw my efforts and complimented me on my inclusivity and creativity. I was inspired to take more initiative in other areas of my life by this encouraging feedback. I gained a greater understanding of who I am from these experiences, seeing how much I like planning and organizing events and how I can be inclusive.
    - - I showed initiative when I made the choice to spend time in the pretend play kitchen. I started to "cook" a meal for my friends right away because I was so excited. I got out my plastic utensils, set the table, and invited people over for a "dinner party." As my friends joined in, playing along and enjoying the "dinner" I had "cooked", I remember feeling an overwhelming feeling of excitement and enthusiasm. I felt like I accomplished something and showed leadership through this activity in addition to being able to express my creativity.
    - - It was during such experiences that I started to get a deeper sense of who I was. I discovered the joy of planning and organizing activities, and I began to see myself as someone who could include people and create memorable moments. Based on the activities we choose and the way we engage with one another, I also noticed differences between myself and my peers. For instance, I noticed that while I enjoyed social and cooperative play, other kids seemed to prefer independent activities like reading or block building.
- - - - Emotion-coaching parents help children understand and manage their emotions
      - emotion-dismissing parents may deny or ignore negative emotions. Emotion-coaching parenting styles are associated with better emotional regulation and social competence in children.