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4 AND 5 POINTS - Coggle Diagram
4 AND 5 POINTS
THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION
THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION (1917)
Lenin
armed uprising
Bolshevik
organised the October Revolution
cause of a new revolution
24–25 October
revolutionary troops occupied the strategic points of the city, took the Winter Palace
dismissed the Provisional Government
Provisional Government tried to boost the war effort
Alexander Kerenski
entrusted
the army to General Kornilov
tried to overthrow the government
install a military dictatorship
triumph of the revolution
with it spread the idea that a communist revolution
THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION (1917)
economic hardship, general demoralisation and a war marked by defeats, the trigger for the new revolutionary outbreak was when the government introduced ration cards
allowed families
small quantity of provisions
subsist in times of scarcity
February 1917
striking workers and women led popular demonstrations
slogan
‘peace, bread and land’
resulted
general srike
the forces of order and the Duma
aligned with the revolutionaries
tsar realised that he no longer had support
obliged to abdicate
February Revolution had triumphed
workers, peasants and soldiers rebelled throughout Russia, seizing local power
Soviets
Two poles of power
both heirs to the Revolution of 1905
different characteristics and goals
Duma
Soviet
the liberal
agreed to form a Provisional Government
establish democratic freedoms, form a constituent assembly and grant political amnesty
The amnesty allowed Lenin
return from his exile
presented the April Theses
Conference of Soviets
he refused to cooperate with the Provisional Government
defended
a new phase of the revolution aimed at taking power
BACKGROUND TO THE SOVIET REVOLUTION
TSARIST RUSSIA
autocratic monarchy
tsar exercised his power (divine right)
absolute ruler
sovereign was backed by
corrupt
standard of living was low and poverty
political opposition to tsarism grew in Russia
economy, based on agriculture
develop industrially
opposition
cultural elite
the liberal European tradition
great diversity of nationalities, peoples and cultures
end of the 19th century, the Marxist-inspired Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party
Russian Empire had around 150 million inhabitants
working class should carry out a revolution to eliminate injustice and inequality
RSDWP split into two groups
Mensheviks
more moderate
alliance with reformist liberalism
Julius Martov
Bolsheviks
seizure of power by a committed working-class minority
Vladimir Lenin
GRIGORI RASPUTIN
After Alexei recovered
Rasputin came to have a big religious influence on the tsarina
He was accused of manipulating the appointment of government positions
of being a German spy and of influencing the tsarina in favour of the Germans
as she was of German ancestry
Rasputin was a mystic called to the palace
to cure the tsar’s eldest son
Alexei
He was assassinated in 1916
