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WORK ENVIRONMENT AND STRESS, Psychological & physical reactions to…
WORK ENVIRONMENT AND STRESS
Theories of stress
Individual Personality and Stress
Explains that people have different personalities and how it may influence the person to be stressed;
Type A personality: Impatient, achievement striving, anger, hostility.
More prone to stress, high risk of stress related health problem, take longer time to recover from it.
Type B personality: Patient, more laid-back, highly flexible, easy going.
Less prone to stress, but can lead to procrastination, lower risk of stress related health problem, quick to recover.
Neuroticism: Low self-esteem, anxious, lack hope, pessimistic.
More prone to stress, overreact to stressor, difficulty in managing emotion, hard time coping with stressful situation and their negative thoughts worsen stress and anxiety.
Demand-Control Model of Workplace Stress
Explains certain jobs characteristics can lead to stress in workplace (strain), from interaction of;
Job Demands: the amount and intensity of physical, cognitive and emotional effort that is required to perform job tasks.
Job Control: the discretion employees have in performing their job tasks and to make decisions related to the job.
Gender, Ethnicity and Race
Female - Male
Minority - Majority
Black men - White men
^ group in left side may experience stress more often to compare to right side.
Both may react differently.
Types
EUSTRESS
DISTRESS
Sources of Stress
Occupational Stressor
Stress that works bring
Categories
Job Characteristics
Role Conflict
Role Ambiguity
Role Overload
Organizational Characteristics
Organizational Stressor
How organization causes stress
Categories
Person-Organization Fit
Organizational Rules & Policy
Supervisory Relationships
Organizational Changes
Physical Work Environment Stressor
How the work environment causes stress through physical stressors
Categories
NOISE
VIBRATION
Other Sources of Stress
MINOR FRUSTRATION
FORECASTING
RESIDUAL STRESS
Personal Stressor
Non-work issues, e.g. family problems
Consequences of Stress
INDIVIDUAL
Psychological
Physiological
Behavioural
ORGANIZATIONAL
Absenteeism
Low Productivity
Higher Turnover
Reducing & Managing Stress
LEVELS OF STRESS PREVENTION
Secondary Prevention Stress-Directed (
PREVENTATIVE/REACTIVE
)
Tertiary Prevention Stress-Directed (
TREATMENT
)
Primary Prevention Stress-Directed (
PREVENTATIVE
)
STRESS MANAGEMENT
INDIVIDUAL
Relaxation Technique
Planning Skill
Simplify Life
ORGANIZATIONAL
Involvement in Decision-Making
Exercise Autonomy & Control
Social Support at Workplace
Workplace Violence
Definition: Any act or threat of physical violence, intimidation, harassment, or other disruptive behaviour that takes place in or is associated with the workplace.
Homicide
Seeking revenge
Mobbing and bullying
Threatening behavior
Physical attacks
Verbal abuse
Written threats
Harassment
Ways to reduce violence in workplace
Adding security measures: CCTV, securities, brighter lighting.
Employee screening: psychology tests like MMPI-2, background checks for violence record.
Managing awareness: managers being aware of employees behavior.
Definition
Psychological & physical reactions to certain life events or situations.
Positive Stress
Negative Stress
