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Individualistic Theories - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Strengths
        
        Emphasises the importance of early experiences
        
        Has implications for reducing Crime
      - Weaknesses
        
        Concepts such as the super-ego are abstract as there is no proof or evidence to prove they exist
        
        Not all criminals have criminal families & vice versa, this also does not mean that the family/parents were too strict or absent
  - - - Strengths
        
        Supported by Bowlby’s 44 thieves’ study - 17/44 thieves had experienced early prolonged separation from their mother before age 5.
        
        Led to positive applications/changes in society which aim to reduce maternal deprivation: daycare centres, caregivers to children, hospital visiting hours, Sweden offers 480 days parental leave.
      - Weaknesses
        
        Bowlby’s own research on 60 children who had been isolated due to recording form TB contradicts MDT.
        
        Bowlby’s 44 thieves’ study is based on retrospective data from parents which means the data may not be accurate/information was no recollected by parents exactly as the events played out.
- - - - Theory is useful in describing how some measurable tendencies increase a persons risk of reoffending
      - Eysenck predicted that high E, N & P scores lead to criminality & some studies support his predictions: offenders tend to be extraverted, neurotic & psychotic
    - - The E scale may be measuring 2 separate things: impulsiveness & sociability (offenders score highly on impulsiveness but not on sociability)
      - Convicted offenders may not be typical of offenders as a whole -> e.g. less impulsive offenders may be more likely to avoid getting caught
- - - - Bandura considers the fact that we are social beings. We learn from experiences of others, not just from direct experiences
      - Bandura shows children who observed aggressive behaviours being rewarded, imitated the behaviour. Shows the importance of role models in learning deviant behaviour
    - - Theory is based on lab studies. Findings may not be valid in real life
      - Theory assumes all behaviour is completely determined by their learning experiences & ignores freedom of choice. Conflicts with legal views of crime, which assumes we have free will to commit crime