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'Size of land up for deforestation could be 100 times larger than…
'Size of land up for deforestation could be 100 times larger than KL'
1) Background of TWO (2) major activities that drive to deforestation in Malaysia.
Infrastructure Development
Background: Malaysia's economic development involves significant infrastructure projects, including road construction, urban expansion, and the development of industrial zones.
Impact: Infrastructure projects often require clearing large forested areas, which not only leads to direct loss of forest cover but also opens up remote areas to further exploitation and degradation.
Palm Oil Plantation
Background: Malaysia is one of the world's largest producers of palm oil, a highly profitable and widely used commodity found in food products, cosmetics, and biofuels. The country's economy heavily depends on palm oil exports.
Impact: To expand palm oil production, vast areas of rainforest have been cleared. This has significant environmental impacts, including loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction for endangered species like orangutans, and increased greenhouse gas emissions due to peatland drainage and burning.
2) Select ONE (1) of prescribed activities from the three Orders that is relevant to your answer in (1).
a) ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974: ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (PRESCRIBED ACTIVITIES) (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT) ORDER 2015
Agriculture
c) ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ENACTMENT 2002: ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION (PRESCRIBED ACTIVITIES) (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT) ORDER 2005
Agriculture
b) THE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ORDINANCE: THE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT (PRESCRIBED ACTIVITIES) ORDER, 1997
Agricultural development
The minimum size of the activity for each orders that require EIA.
a)ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974: ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (PRESCRIBED ACTIVITIES) (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT) ORDER 2015.
500 hectares or more for agricultural projects involving deforestation.
b) THE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT ORDINANCE: THE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT (PRESCRIBED ACTIVITIES) ORDER, 1997
i) development of agricultural estates or plantation of an exceeding 500 hectares; from land under secondary or primary forest; or which would involve the resettlement of more than 100 families; or which would involve modification in the use of the land.
ii) conversion of mangrove swamps into agricultural estates having area exceeding 50 hectares.
c) ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ENACTMENT 2002: ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION (PRESCRIBED ACTIVITIES) (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT) ORDER 2005
Second schedule
i) Development of agricultural estates or plantations covering an area of
500 hectares or more
ii) Development of agricultural estates or plantations involving change in
type of crops covering an area of 500 hectares or more
iii) Conversion of wetland forests into agricultural estates or plantations
covering an area of 50 hectares or more; or
iv) Agricultural programmes involving the settlement of 100 families or
more.
THREE (3) potential mitigation measures to minimize the impact of the selected prescribed activity.
Sustainable Land Use Practices
Encourage sustainable agriculture practices such as agroforestry, crop rotation, and integrated pest control to limit the need for additional deforestation and mitigate environmental impacts.
Buffer Zones and Set-Asides
Create buffer zones around sensitive regions, wetlands, and water bodies to protect them from agricultural activity, and designate conservation areas to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services
Reforestation and Habitat Restoration
Implement reforestation programmes to repair cleared areas and build wildlife corridors to help reduce habitat loss caused by agricultural growth.
The similarities and differences of the selected prescribed activity among the three Orders.
Differences
NREO: emphasis on natural resource and the environment, for eg land use, conservation and resource extraction
EPE: focusing on some regional that specifically addressed on prescribed activities
EQA: focus on activities that give impacts to environment and reduce its quality, for eg are industry, construction and transportation
Similarities
they operate within the legal framework established by their respective environmental laws.
in order to evaluate environmental consequences, they need EIA for prescribed activities
all of the three orders have same same purpose whereby they aim to regulate and access the environmental impacts
Aisyah Nadiah Binti Ibrahim Putra (77785)
Azzwin Binti Kamis (77878)
Belinda Carey Anak Challen (77883)
Mohammad Sofean Bin Subhi (78181)
GROUP 3 SUBGROUP 2