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Unit 8: How Do Organisms Evolve? - Coggle Diagram
Unit 8: How Do Organisms Evolve?
Evidence of Evolution
Anatomy and Morphology
Related species will share anatomical similarities. Comparing sutures lets us see evolutionary relationships.
Vestigial Structures
Structures on an animal that serve no purpose of function but past ancestors used it.
Analogous Structures
Different morphology but do the same function from environmental factors.
Homologous Structures
Similar in their structure but perform different functions
Molecular Traits
Animals that share similar genetic code or structures are more closely related.
Fossil Record
Shows the past changes in organisms and how organisms changed throughout time. Father down the fossil is the older it is.
Biogeography
Study of life over geographical areas which can show relationships.
Natural Selection
The picking of adaptations that will give organisms better fitness in the wild.
Directional Selection
Choice of a high extreme trait over another one
Stabilizing Selection
Choosing the middle one and not the extremes.
Disruptive Selection
Picking higher and lower ends but not the middle.
Genetic Drift
Changing of allele frequencies.
Founder Effect
Small numbers of a population relocate and create a new species.
Bottleneck Effect
Population size decreases quickly and some allele types disappear.
Genetic Flow
Moving of alleles from one population to another.
Melanin
Blocks out UV rays by making a “cap” on the nucleus. More melanin means darker skin while lighter skin means less melanin.
You want to find an equal amount of melanin based on where you live, as you want some UV rays to make vitamin D but too many rays can kill folate.