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human reproductive system - Coggle Diagram
human reproductive system
triggered by sex hormones
Puberty
period of development in which a boy and girl become physically mature
boys
Production of sperm
Starts between 12 - 14 years old
Sex hormone, testerone triggers
Penis and testis increase in size
Voice deepens
Growth of pubic and armpit hair
Growth spurt
girls
Production of mature eggs
Breasts broaden and hips broaden
Sex hormone, Ostrogen and progestrogen triggers
Growth of pubic and armpit hair
Between 10 - 12 years old
Growth spurt
Onset of menstruation
in women
Menstrual cycle
consists of
Menstruation
The periodic shedding of the uterine lining.
Ovulation
The release of a mature egg into the fallopian tubes from one of the ovaries
Day 1-5
The uterine lining, blood and the unfertilised egg are discharged through the vagina to the outside of the body
Day 6-10
The uterine lining starts to repair and thicken due to the effect of oestrogen
Day 11-17
Ovulation usually occurs on day 14 of the cycle. A mature egg is expected to release from one of the ovaries. The egg is released into the fallopian tube for possible fertilisation.
An egg can survive about 48 hours.
Hence, day 11 to 17 are called the fertile period because a women is likely to get pregnant if she has sexual intercourse
Day 18-28
The uterine lining is maintained and continues to thicken to prepare for implantation due to the effect of progesterone. If fertilisation takes place, the thickened uterine lining is maintained. The menstrual cycle discontinues until the baby is born. If there is no fertilisation, a new menstrual cycle begins
The menstrual cycle lasts for 28 days
The cycle can be affected by various factors
Emotional disturbance
Stress
Mental fatigue
Illness
Unbalanced diet or malnutrition
consists of
Male reproductive system
fusion of sex cells
Fertilisation
The male reproductive system consists of many organs
To produce, store and transport sperms.
To discharge sperms to the female reproductive system.
To produce and secrete male sex hormones called testosterone
Epididymis
stores sperm temporarily
Vas deferens (sperm duct)
Carries sperm from the testes to the urethra
Urethra
Carries urine and semen to the outside of the body at different times.
Testis
produce sperms and male hormones called testosterone
Penis
A organ that deposits semen containing sperms into a woman's vagina during sexual intercourse
Seminal Vesticles
Produce seminal fluids called semen which is mixed with the sperm
This fluid provides nutrients and lubricates the sperms to facilitate their movements
Scrotum
Holds testis outside the body
This is to keep the testis at a temperature below body temperature as sperms tend to develop better at lower temperatures
Sperm
Has 3 parts, head, middle piece and tail
Size, small
Can move on its own
Released in millions
Female reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of a number of organs.
To produce female sex hormones called oestrogen and progesterone
To produce mature eggs for reproduction
Uterus
Allows implantation of embryo for growth and development
Cervix
A narrow opening which widens during child birth
Fallopian tubes( Oviduct )
Allows fertilisation to take place
Vagina
A muscular organ where sperms are deposited
Ovary
Produce mature eggs
Produce female sex hormones
Egg
Cannot move on its own
A spherical cell
Size, big
Released once a month
Reproduction
Sexual
whereby two sex cells fuse together to form a zygote (fertilised cell). Requires two parents
example
A male gamete and a female gamete fuse together to form a zygote.
Asexual
whereby it does not involve the fusion of two sex cells. (Involves one parent)
example
Fission
A cell divides into two identical daughter cells, bacteria and fungi
Budding
A cell splits to produce a mother cell and a daughter cell. The mother cell is larger than the daughter cell, yeast
Fertilisation
Fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the sperm and an egg to form a fertilised egg or zygote.
A mature egg is about to release from one of the ovaries into the fallopian tube. This is known as ovulation
During sexual intercourse, semen which contains millions of sperms is discharged in the vagina. The sperms swim towards the fallopian tube from the vagina to meet the mature egg. The egg is surrounded by millions of sperms. Only one sperm can penetrate and fertilise it. The fertilised egg is called zygote. Its nucleus containes 23 pairs of chromosmes after fusion of both nuclei from the male and female gametes
The zygote starts to move towards the uterus with the help of tiny hairs on the wall of the fallopian tube. At the same time, the zygote starts to divide into a ball of cells called embryo.
About seven days, the embryo reaches the uterus. Subsequently, the embryo embeds itself into the uterine wall. This process is called implantation. The blood vessels in the uterine lining provide essential nutreients for the embryo to develop. After a few months, the embryo growsd into a foetus which is the unborn baby