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11.01 ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM, image, image, image, image …
11.01 ABSOLUTISM AND THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
1 ABSOLUTISM: FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV(17th century)
The authoritharuan monarchies of some kingdoms developed into absolute monarchies
The king had the absolute power over everybody else
The main proponents of absolutism
Jacques Bossuet
He believed that kings had a divine right to power
Thomas Hobbes
He believed that absolutism was the result of a social pact between subjects and a monarchy
In order to guarantee peace and stability
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES
An ideology defending the king's supremacy over all others
Growing centralisation of political and administrative decisions in the royal courts and the monarchy's and the governmental bodies
A permament army of professional soldiers, under the orders of the king
A royal treasury able to raise revenue
Marginalasation of the courts and parliaments of the estates of realm
Louis XIV of France
The most representative example of an absolute monarchy
The Frond took place at the beginning of his reign
Nobility, cities and provinces with their parliaments fought one one side
The kings and his supporters on the other
They won
Later, he ordered a construction: The Royal Palace of Versailles
Finally, he governed France
He also implemented an aggressive foreign policy to expad his kingdom
2 THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM IN ENGLAND
In England the Stuart dinasty ynasty tried to disassociate itself from Parliament
They established an absolute monarchy, causing the English Civil War (1642–1651).
The Parliamentary army won, led by Oliver Cromwell
Then, Carlos I was executed
A republic was declared under Cromwell's dictatorial leadership
When Cromwell died, the House of Stuart returned to the throne
Jame II became king, and, again, tried to impose absolutism
This led to a new confrontation with the Parliament, resulting in the Glorious Revolution (1688)
The Parliament chose Mary II (the ovethrown king's daughter and her husband, William III of Orange (head of the Dutch Republic) as the new monarchs
The Bill of Rights (1689) was signed by them
This limited monarchs power and recognised the rights of the idividual
THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT: It consisted of two chambers, called houses
The House of Lords
Consisted of the country’s most important noblemen
And the Church of England bishops.
The House of Commons
Consisted of representatives of the kingdom’s cities and countries
Louis XIV
Jacques Bossuet
Thomas Hobbes
The English Civil War
