Absolutism and the parlamentary system
Absolutism: France under Louis XIV
The parlamentary system of England
In the 17th century
The authoritarian manarchies developed into
Absolute monarchies
Main proponents of absolutism
They had absolute power
Jacques Bossuet
Thomas Hobbes
He believed that
Kings had divine right to power
He believed that
Absolutism was th result of the pact between
Subjects
Monarchy
Absolute Monarchies
A permanent army of proffesional soldiers
A royal treasury able to raise revenue
Centralisation of politic and administrative decisions
Marginalisation of the courts and parliaments
An ideology defending the king's supremacy over the rest
Louis XIV of France
At the beginning of his reign
The Fronde took place
It was a series of a civil war
Nobility, cities and provinces
Against
Monarchs and their supporters
The side of the king won
He ordered the construction of
Royal Palace of Versailles
In the outskirts of Paris
Where the royal court would be based
He implemented an agressive foreing policy
To expand his kingdom
In many territories
Monarch's power was controlled by
Courts and parliaments
English civil war
In England they did that to
Protect against absolutism
The Stuart dinasty tryed to impose
Absolutism
That caused the war (1642-1651)
The Parlamentary army
Led by Oliver Cromwell
Won the war
Charles I was executed
He became the head of a republic
And when he died
The Stuart family returned
To the throne
James II became king
He tried to impose absolutism
This resulted the Glorious Revolution (1688)
James was overthroned
The new kings were
Mary II (the daughter of James II)
William III of Orange (head of the Dutch Republic)
The new monarchs must sign
Bill of Rights (1689)
What was?
Recognised the rights of the individual
Limited monarch's power
This led the establishment of a
Constitutional or parlamentary monarchy
The English parliament
It consisted of two chambers
The House of Lords
The House of Commons
Church of England bishops
Country's most important nobles
Representatives of the kingdom's
Cities
Counties
English Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch
Parliament
Bubmitted laws for approvall
Directed foreing policy
Appointed the goverment
Controlled the Church of England
Called Parliament into session
Head of state
Approved new laws
Controlled goverment duties
Approved laws
Submitted complains to the monarchs
Controlled the monarchs