Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Unit 8 Biology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Mutation
      - change in a DNA sequence, usually occurring because of errors in replication or repair. Mutation is the
      - ultimate source of genetic variation.
    - - Natural selection
      - differential survival or reproduction of different genotypes in a population
      - leads to changes in the gene frequencies of a population.
    - - Genetic drift
      - usually happens in small populations,
        
        gene frequencies change as a result of a random occurrence
      - such as a storm, wildfire, tornado, drought, et
      - that wipes out most of the population.
      - The remainder will have genotypes that may have been different than the original population
      - The new population shows a “drift” toward this new gene combination/ratio
- - - - Ring finger
      - Nonrandom mating
      - Choosing a mate based on a certain trait/phenotype
      - Changes gene frequency in the population
      - Can cause a preference in phenotypes in that species
    - - Middle Finger
      - Mutations
      - change in a DNA sequence
      - Occurs because of mistakes in replication or repair
      - Changes protein function
      - Can affect the survival of an individual
      - Changes frequency of gene pool
    - - Pointer finger
      - Gene flow from Migration and emigration
      - significant flow of new arrivals
      - great number of departures from a population
      - gene frequency in the gene pool is affected
    - - gene frequency in the gene pool is affected
      - Thumb
      - Adaptions
      - advantageous traits or behavior
      - allow an organism to live
      - organisms with disadvantageous traits will die out
- - - - First, a species becomes isolated(Three types)
        
        Geographical Isolation:
        
        some members of a species become geographically separated from the rest of the species
        
        they could evolve genetic differences if given time
        
        If these organisms cannot mate with the old species they have evolved into a new species
        
        Temporal Isolation
        
        When two or more species reproduce at different times.
        
        Hawthorn flies lay eggs in Hawthorn trees. The eggs hatch into larvae that feed on fruits.
        
        Apple trees were introduced to the U.S. and often grown near Hawthorn trees.
        
        Some Hawthorn flied started laying eggs in nearby apple trees.
        
        When the eggs hatched, the larvae fed on apples.
        
        Over time, they become reproductively isolated because they breed at different times
        
        the breeding season matches the season when the apple or hawthorn fruits mature.
        
        They rarely interbreed, the two populations of flies are evolving genetic differences and becoming different species.
        
        Behavioral Isolation
        
        when species are reproductively isolated from others due to differences in behavior.
        
        The blue-footed booby bird has an elaborate mating “dance” that males must do to woo the female.
        
        The female can either then accept or reject the advances of the male.
        
        Other species of birds do not have the same mating dance and will be fully ignored by the female meaning they have no chance at reproducing with the female blue-footed booby.