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Cognitive Psychology: Memory - Coggle Diagram
Cognitive Psychology: Memory
Sleep
Wagner et al (2001)
sleep enhances memory retention. Particularly late sleep high in REM for emotional material
Newbury et al (2021)
sleep deprivation before and after learning impairs memory
Trauma/stress/misc
Eyewitness testimony/memory wars (Loftus, 2019)
false memories, ppl can get emotional even (Laney and Loftus, 2008)
Mary et al (2020)
Paris attacks reminders for PTSD and HC
HC had reduction in activity in systems between control and memory systems (right anterior DLPFC) as they tried to avoid memories
no such suppression in activity for PTSD
generalized disruption in PTSD of the regulation signal that
controls the reactivation of unwanted memories
Tyng et al (2017)
overactive HPA nae gid for memory as it impairs synaptic plasticity and
emotion can enhance/impair learning and long term memory
Competing systems: EF and IL
Virag et al (2015)
implicit learning intact in alcohol use
both alcohol users and HC had inverse relationships between EF and IL
used ASRT
Stillman et al (2014)
negative relationship between dispositional mindfulness and implicit sequence learning
Hölzel (2007)
Mindfulness -> smaller caudate (in striatum) and increased prefrontal regions
Stillman et al (2016)
Better implicit learning is associated with DECREASING hippocampal and INCREASING striatal activation over the course of both motor and perceptual implicit learning tasks.
physical activity associated with better performance on more explicit cognitive tasks for both genders, but WORSE performance on an implicit probabilistic sequence learning task for FEMALES only
used perceptual sequence learning, not motor-
Sleep and implicit learning
Fischer, Wilhelm and Born (2007)
sleep exerts opposite effects on measures of implicit memory consolidation in children as compared to adult subjects
observations indicate that sleep plays a differential role for processes of implicit off-line learning during childhood development compared with adulthood.
Fischer (2006)
Implicit learning -> explicit knowing after sleep
used SRTT
INTERACTION between implicit- and explicit memory systems during sleep dependent offline learning
Tóth‑Fáber, Janacsek & Németh (2021)
persistent memory for implicit sequence learning in children after 1 year offline
probability-based and serial order-based regularities remains stable over a long period of time
Oliveira (2023)
Serial Reaction Time task OK reliability at group level, not individual = 'reliability paradox'
Stroop, flanker and Navon task poor psychometric too
Ambrus et al (2020)
model based vs model free learning = competing systems theory
TMS disruption of DLPFC - > better performance on ASRT
inactive control tho
regional specificity (i.e., whether stimulation over other regions would not lead to similar changes in performance) can be claimed only with an active control condition (Duecker & Sack, 2015).
Nemeth et al (2013)
hypnosis -> better procedural sequence learning
ASRT
hypnosis as a tool to reduce competition between lobe related explicit hypothesis testing, and striatum related procedural-based learning
those with better EF showed worse sequence learning in wake state than low EF
Smalle et al (2021)
Cognitive depletion -> improved statistical learning
cognitive depletion both from TMS of DLPFC and induced cognitive fatigue
in high confidence - all performed better
as implicit and explicit memory can both improve they may not be in direct competition
"bottleneck" prioritising explicit learning?
Békes et al (2023)
idea of imbalance in competitive systems during grief - > brain fog and cognitive complaints
temporary dominance of either the BG or the MTL system
Squire (2004)
BG -> implicit learning. MTL -> explicit learning
Poldrack et al (2001)
neuroimaging shows the more the learning relies on BG, the less activation in MTL and vice versa
Janacsek et al (2012) kids better before maturation of PFC at IL
psycahdelics
psilocybin
Carhart-Harris (2012)
psilocybin enhances autobiographical recollection (happy memories studied)
lowering of defences, decrease in top down control?
small sample, all positive about psilocybin
vividness reported increased from psilocybin and correlated with fMRI activation
ayahuasca
Daneluz (2022)
AYA impaired fear memory reconsolidation
findings support the view that a low dose of AYA treatment impairs early and late stages of memory
reconsolidation instead of facilitating fear extinction.
LSD
Wießner et al (2022)
LSD improved visual memory, verbal fluency but impaired cognitive flexibility
criticism: weak effects, no account for sleep,