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DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT, WHY DISASTER RISK VARIES ACROSS PLACES?,…
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Before (present)
Strengthen Structures
New structures (Seawalls)
Early warning systems
Foundation is higher
During (reduce)
Early warning systems --> Alert people before disaster to evacuate
Evacuation plans --> Explain to the people
After (manage)
Rebuild (resources)
Recovery (first aid, food, basic necessities, shelters)
Search for casualties
WHY DISASTER RISK VARIES ACROSS PLACES?
Location
Place examples
Earthquakes
Nature of hazard: Duration of earthquake, Time of earthquake
Vulnerability: Building design and construction, Soil and rock properties
Exposure: Population density and assets in hazard prone areas, distance from epicentre
Volcanoes
Nature of hazards: Chemical composition of magma
Vulnerability: Availability of surface and ground water in the development of lahars, Prevailing wind conditions affecting direction and distribution of tephra
Exposure: Presence of human settlements
Risk differences
Nature of Hazards
Characteristics
(What are the hazards like?)
Duration (How long?)
-Length of time (higher->higher intensity
-More stress on buildings/higher tendency to collapse
-More injuries and deaths
Time (When it happens? Morning/Night)
--Afternoon --> Travelling (collapsed transport structures), Working (trapped/collapsed building)
--Night --> People are asleep (unable to respond quickly), Visibility to evacuate
Vulnerable conditions
Prone to/susceptible
(What worsens a hazard?)
Quality of building (condition)
D--> High/poor quality
-Weak/cheap material--> Zinc, wood, plastic
-Poor design--> building codes, anti-earthquake systems
E--> Weak (foundation/why? higher stress)
Exposure
Extent/tendencies
Population density
No of people in a unit area (Packed/congested, Sparse)
-Congested --> When a hazards occurs more people are put in risk (trapped in buildings) --> difficult to evacuate --> more panic --> less shelter to accommodate
-Sparse --> Lesser people put in risk
Distance from epicentre
-Source of earthquake
-further --> weaker vibration --> seismic waves are weaker --> Energy is dissipated --> less impact
-nearer--> higher vibration/seismic waves --> not much energy has been dissipated --> More impact
Nature of hazards (Chemical compositions
Vulnerable conditions (Wind, Water)
Exposure (Prescence of population settlements)
DISASTER RISK HINDERING DEVELOPMENT
Environmental
Destroy ecosystems, pollute water bodies, kill wildlife
Food sources
lack or raw materials
lack of clean water
loss of habitats
Social
Destroy houses, trauma, water contamination, injuries and death
Lowered pop
Spread of diseases
Homelessness
Economic
Loss of income
Destruction of properties
Business headquarters
Unemployment --> income affected
Government buildings
Costly --> Recovery
Houses
Transport
Affects movement of goods and services
recover and repair