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Ecology - Coggle Diagram
Ecology
Energy transfer in an ecosystem
Energy enters ecosystem in the form of sunlight.
Plants, algae and phytoplankton capture sunlight and converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
A food chain shows the sequence of feeding relationship between organisms. It provides the information on how food and energy are transferred from one organism to another.
Trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain
The way the living organisms interact in a food chain can be classified into two categories
Producers
Organism which make food on their own by the process of photosynthesis.
Consumers
Organism which feed on producers or other producers or other consumers for food
There is a feeding hierarchy among consumers
Primary consumers are herbivores/omnivores which feed on producers.
Secondary consumers are carnivores which feed on primary consumers
Tertiary consumers are carnivores which feed on secondary consumers
In a food chain, only 10% of energy is transferred from on trophic level to another.
90% of energy is lost in the form of heat to the atmosphere from each level mainly through
Urine
Fasces
Respiration
Perspiration
It is the scientific study of interactions.
Among organisms
Between organisms an their physical enviroments
The important terms in the study of ecology
Population
The living organisms of the same species in the same area at a particular time
Community
The interaction of all population within an area
Abiotic
The non living components in an ecoystem
Components
Temperature
Affects the growth, activities and the survival of organism.
Water
It is an important abiotic component which affects the life of all living organism as living cells are made up of water mainly.
Water provides suitable habitat for marine life
Sunlight
Provides light energy for plants to carry put photosynthesis
Allows organism to avoid danger and look for food
Provides warmth to living organism
pH level
The acidity or alkalinity affects the type of organism living in a particular area.
Air
Provides carbon dioxide for plants to carry out photosynthesis
Provides oxygen for living organisms to carry out aerobic respiration
Minerals
They are substances that provide essential elements for the plants to grow healthily.
These essential elements, such as potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus, are needed for the plants to make chlorophyll, enzymes, hereditary material or vitamin
They are obtained by the plants from soil
Habitat
An environment in which a species normally lives
Biotic
The living components in an ecosystem
The biological influencers on organism
Any living part of the environment with which an organism might interact
Parasitism
An organism gains benefits from another organism and causes harm to the host at the same time
Predator-prey
An organism kills and consumes the other organism.
A predator is an organism that eats another organism.
A prey is the organism which the predator eats
The period of interaction among organisms is short.
Mutualism
When two organism of different species interact together, each benefits from the relationship.
The period of interaction among organisms is longer
Commensalism
It is a form of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is not harmed or benefitted.
Ecosystem
The interaction of all biotic and abiotic components within an area
It is a complex system of interaction between biotic components and abiotic components in a certain geographical location.
Examples of ecosystem are forests, ponds, rivers, grasslands, deserts.